2 Model questions Part 2 || Unit Nine: Adolescence || Lesson 4: Say 'No' to Bullying || Textbook page 163 || English first paper || Bangla meaning, line by line Bangla meaning, text questions and solution , short questions and summary.
Although late, policymakers in Bangladesh are also finally realising that eve-teasing constitutes sexual harassment. There is no estimate on national prevalence of sexual harassment in public spaces in Bangladesh. However. Action Aid found, that 84% of women they surveyed (of 800 women and girls) in 2015 reported experiencing sexual harassment in the public. According to Ain O Salish Kendra (ASK), a legal aid organisation, 108 women were sexually harassed in Bangladesh between January and October 2018, of which eight women attempted suicide, and seven men were murdered when they protested these harassments.
To allow social change regarding sexual harassment to take place in Bangladesh, it is imperative that we as a society listen more to the survivors, rather than blaming them. Starting from school-level interventions, public and private Stakeholders must immediately begin to reframe the messaging around socialization of boys and girls and stop the propagation of stereotypical mind-set from parents, teachers and community to their children.
Here's the list of some words from the passage with their Bangla meaning, synonym, and antonym.
-
Gravity
Meaning: গুরুত্ব
Synonym: seriousness
Antonym: triviality -
Harassment
Meaning: হয়রানি
Synonym: bullying
Antonym: support -
Diluted
Meaning: ক্ষীণ করা
Synonym: weakened
Antonym: strengthened -
Normalised
Meaning: স্বাভাবিক করা
Synonym: regularized
Antonym: abnormalized -
Benign
Meaning: নিরীহ
Synonym: gentle
Antonym: harmful -
Inappropriate
Meaning: অনুপযুক্ত
Synonym: unsuitable
Antonym: appropriate -
Extent
Meaning: পরিসর
Synonym: scope
Antonym: limitation -
Address
Meaning: মোকাবেলা করা
Synonym: tackle
Antonym: ignore -
Deep-seated
Meaning: সুগভীর
Synonym: ingrained
Antonym: superficial -
Realising
Meaning: উপলব্ধি করা
Synonym: understanding
Antonym: ignoring -
Estimate
Meaning: আনুমানিক হিসাব
Synonym: approximation
Antonym: certainty -
Prevalence
Meaning: ব্যাপকতা
Synonym: widespreadness
Antonym: rarity -
Surveyed
Meaning: জরিপ করা
Synonym: examined
Antonym: neglected -
Reported
Meaning: প্রতিবেদন করা
Synonym: stated
Antonym: concealed -
Attempted
Meaning: চেষ্টা করা
Synonym: tried
Antonym: abandoned -
Protested
Meaning: প্রতিবাদ করা
Synonym: opposed
Antonym: accepted -
Allow
Meaning: অনুমতি দেয়া
Synonym: permit
Antonym: forbid -
Change
Meaning: পরিবর্তন
Synonym: transformation
Antonym: stability -
Survivors
Meaning: জীবিত থেকে যাওয়া ব্যক্তি
Synonym: victors
Antonym: victims (context dependent) -
Blaming
Meaning: দোষারোপ করা
Synonym: accusing
Antonym: praising -
Starting
Meaning: শুরু করা
Synonym: beginning
Antonym: ending -
School-level
Meaning: বিদ্যালয় স্তর
Synonym: educational stage
Antonym: professional stage -
Interventions
Meaning: হস্তক্ষেপ
Synonym: involvement
Antonym: withdrawal -
Stakeholders
Meaning: অংশীদাররা
Synonym: participants
Antonym: outsiders -
Immediately
Meaning: অবিলম্বে
Synonym: instantly
Antonym: later -
Reframe
Meaning: পুনর্গঠন করা
Synonym: restructure
Antonym: preserve (unchanged) -
Messaging
Meaning: বার্তা প্রেরণ
Synonym: communication
Antonym: silence -
Socialization
Meaning: সমাজীকরণ
Synonym: interaction
Antonym: isolation -
Propagation
Meaning: প্রসার
Synonym: spread
Antonym: suppression -
Stereotypical
Meaning: পূর্বধারণামূলক
Synonym: conventional
Antonym: original -
Mind-set
Meaning: মানসিকতা
Synonym: mentality
Antonym: open-mindedness (context based) -
Community
Meaning: সমাজ
Synonym: society
Antonym: individual (context based) -
Problem
Meaning: সমস্যা
Synonym: issue
Antonym: solution -
Behaviour
Meaning: আচরণ
Synonym: conduct
Antonym: misbehavior -
Society
Meaning: সমাজ
Synonym: civilization
Antonym: wilderness -
Space
Meaning: স্থান
Synonym: area
Antonym: confinement
Here’s the line-by-line Bangla meaning of your passage:
1. Like many other South Asian countries, in Bangladesh, the gravity of sexual harassment in public space has been diluted and almost "normalised" through calling it 'eve-teasing'.
বাংলা: অন্যান্য অনেক দক্ষিণ এশীয় দেশের মতো, বাংলাদেশেও জনসমক্ষে যৌন হয়রানির গুরুত্ব 'ইভ টিজিং' নামে ডেকে কমিয়ে আনা হয়েছে এবং একপ্রকার "স্বাভাবিক" বলে মেনে নেওয়া হয়েছে।
2. 'Eve teasing' is just another term for sexual harassment in public space or street harassment in Bangladesh and other South Asian countries.
বাংলা: 'ইভ টিজিং' আসলে বাংলাদেশ এবং অন্যান্য দক্ষিণ এশীয় দেশে জনসমক্ষে বা রাস্তায় যৌন হয়রানির আরেকটি নামমাত্র।
3. By using a benign word such as 'teasing' to express a behaviour that is grossly inappropriate, it reduces the extent of the action, therefore, we should use the word sexual harassment instead of "eve-teasing" in order to address this deep-seated problem of our society.
বাংলা: 'টিজিং' এর মতো নিরীহ শব্দ ব্যবহার করে একেবারে অশোভন আচরণকে প্রকাশ করার ফলে এর গুরুত্ব কমে যায়, তাই আমাদের সমাজের এই গভীর সমস্যার সমাধানের জন্য 'ইভ টিজিং' এর পরিবর্তে 'যৌন হয়রানি' শব্দটি ব্যবহার করা উচিত।
4. Although late, policymakers in Bangladesh are also finally realising that eve-teasing constitutes sexual harassment.
বাংলা: যদিও দেরিতে, তবে বাংলাদেশের নীতিনির্ধারকরাও এখন অবশেষে বুঝতে শুরু করেছেন যে ইভ টিজিং আসলে যৌন হয়রানি।
5. There is no estimate on national prevalence of sexual harassment in public spaces in Bangladesh.
বাংলা: বাংলাদেশে জনসমক্ষে যৌন হয়রানির জাতীয় পরিসরের কোনো আনুষ্ঠানিক হিসাব নেই।
6. However, Action Aid found, that 84% of women they surveyed (of 800 women and girls) in 2015 reported experiencing sexual harassment in the public.
বাংলা: তবে, অ্যাকশন এইডের একটি জরিপে দেখা গেছে যে, ২০১৫ সালে ৮০০ জন নারী ও কিশোরীর মধ্যে ৮৪% জন জনসমক্ষে যৌন হয়রানির অভিজ্ঞতার কথা জানিয়েছে।
7. According to Ain O Salish Kendra (ASK), a legal aid organisation, 108 women were sexually harassed in Bangladesh between January and October 2018, of which eight women attempted suicide, and seven men were murdered when they protested these harassments.
বাংলা: আইন ও সালিশ কেন্দ্র (আসক), একটি আইনি সহায়তা সংস্থার মতে, ২০১৮ সালের জানুয়ারি থেকে অক্টোবরের মধ্যে বাংলাদেশে ১০৮ জন নারী যৌন হয়রানির শিকার হন, যার মধ্যে আটজন নারী আত্মহত্যার চেষ্টা করেন এবং সাতজন পুরুষকে হত্যা করা হয় যখন তারা এই হয়রানির প্রতিবাদ করেন।
8. To allow social change regarding sexual harassment to take place in Bangladesh, it is imperative that we as a society listen more to the survivors, rather than blaming them.
বাংলা: বাংলাদেশে যৌন হয়রানি নিয়ে সামাজিক পরিবর্তন ঘটাতে হলে, আমাদের সমাজ হিসেবে অবশ্যই ভুক্তভোগীদের দোষারোপ না করে তাদের কথা বেশি করে শুনতে হবে।
9. Starting from school-level interventions, public and private stakeholders must immediately begin to reframe the messaging around socialization of boys and girls and stop the propagation of stereotypical mind-set from parents, teachers and community to their children.
বাংলা: বিদ্যালয় পর্যায় থেকে হস্তক্ষেপ শুরু করে, সরকারি ও বেসরকারি অংশীদারদের অবশ্যই ছেলেমেয়েদের সমাজায়নের প্রচলিত ধারণা পুনর্বিন্যাস করা শুরু করতে হবে এবং অভিভাবক, শিক্ষক ও সমাজের পক্ষ থেকে শিশুদের মধ্যে প্রচলিত গৎবাঁধা মনোভাব ছড়িয়ে পড়া বন্ধ করতে হবে।
Based on the passage, here are some multiple-choice questions with answers.
-
What does "gravity" in the passage most nearly mean?
a) Seriousness
b) Weight
c) Joy
d) Humor
Answer: a) Seriousness -
The term "normalized" suggests that sexual harassment has been made to seem:
a) More dangerous
b) Acceptable or usual
c) Completely illegal
d) Uncommon
Answer: b) Acceptable or usual -
In the passage, "imperative" most nearly means:
a) Unnecessary
b) Optional
c) Extremely important
d) Time-consuming
Answer: c) Extremely important
-
Choose the synonym of "benign":
a) Harsh
b) Gentle
c) Violent
d) Unkind
Answer: b) Gentle -
Choose the antonym of "inappropriate":
a) Wrong
b) Proper
c) Bad
d) Dirty
Answer: b) Proper -
The word "prevalence" means:
a) Increase
b) Spread or commonness
c) Danger
d) Decrease
Answer: b) Spread or commonness -
Which word from the passage means "deep-rooted or firmly established"?
a) Immediate
b) Deep-seated
c) Fragile
d) Temporary
Answer: b) Deep-seated -
The word "propagation" refers to:
a) Hiding information
b) Spreading ideas or beliefs
c) Fighting with people
d) Stopping messages
Answer: b) Spreading ideas or beliefs -
"Reframe" in the passage means:
a) To stop
b) To make stronger
c) To look again in a new way
d) To weaken
Answer: c) To look again in a new way
-
What part of speech is the word "harassment" in the passage?
a) Verb
b) Noun
c) Adjective
d) Adverb
Answer: b) Noun -
Identify the part of speech of "normalized":
a) Noun
b) Adjective
c) Verb
d) Adverb
Answer: c) Verb -
Which part of speech is "socialization" as used in the passage?
a) Noun
b) Adjective
c) Verb
d) Adverb
Answer: a) Noun -
In the sentence "we should use the word sexual harassment instead of 'eve-teasing'", what part of speech is "should"?
a) Noun
b) Verb
c) Modal verb
d) Adjective
Answer: c) Modal verb -
In "listen more to the survivors", 'listen' is a:
a) Noun
b) Adjective
c) Verb
d) Adverb
Answer: c) Verb
-
The phrase "deep-seated problem" suggests:
a) A problem easy to fix
b) A temporary issue
c) A very old and rooted problem
d) A new problem
Answer: c) A very old and rooted problem -
"Public and private stakeholders" refers to:
a) Only teachers
b) Both government and private organizations
c) Only students
d) Only parents
Answer: b) Both government and private organizations -
In "reframe the messaging", 'reframe' means:
a) To destroy completely
b) To criticize
c) To change the way something is presented
d) To ignore completely
Answer: c) To change the way something is presented
-
In Bangladesh, the term 'eve-teasing' is often used instead of:
a) Bullying
b) Physical fighting
c) Sexual harassment
d) Verbal abuse
Answer: c) Sexual harassment -
What is the main problem with using the word "eve-teasing"?
a) It makes the harassment seem harmless
b) It encourages more harassment
c) It completely stops harassment
d) It is a strong word
Answer: a) It makes the harassment seem harmless -
Who found that 84% of women experienced sexual harassment in public?
a) ASK
b) UN Women
c) ActionAid
d) Amnesty International
Answer: c) ActionAid -
What year did ActionAid conduct their survey?
a) 2018
b) 2017
c) 2015
d) 2010
Answer: c) 2015 -
How many women were sexually harassed in Bangladesh between January and October 2018 (according to ASK)?
a) 84
b) 108
c) 100
d) 200
Answer: b) 108 -
How many women attempted suicide after being harassed (according to ASK)?
a) Eight
b) Ten
c) Seven
d) Five
Answer: a) Eight -
How many men were murdered after protesting harassment?
a) Eight
b) Seven
c) Six
d) Five
Answer: b) Seven -
According to the passage, which action is necessary to stop harassment?
a) Ignoring survivors
b) Blaming survivors
c) Listening to survivors
d) Punishing survivors
Answer: c) Listening to survivors -
What kind of interventions should start from school level?
a) Legal reforms
b) Teaching self-defense
c) Socialization and messaging changes
d) Creating new laws
Answer: c) Socialization and messaging changes -
The stereotypical mindset mainly comes from:
a) Celebrities
b) Parents, teachers, and community
c) Internet
d) Newspapers
Answer: b) Parents, teachers, and community -
What does the passage criticize about society’s reaction to sexual harassment?
a) Too much punishment
b) Lack of punishment
c) Blaming victims instead of supporting them
d) Overreacting
Answer: c) Blaming victims instead of supporting them -
The passage mainly focuses on:
a) Problems of education
b) Political problems
c) Normalization of sexual harassment and solutions
d) Pollution issues
Answer: c) Normalization of sexual harassment and solutions -
The term "ActionAid" refers to:
a) A government organization
b) A non-government organization
c) A private school
d) A local law firm
Answer: b) A non-government organization -
Ain O Salish Kendra is:
a) A health organization
b) A legal aid organization
c) A university
d) A private company
Answer: b) A legal aid organization -
Which country is the main focus of the passage?
a) India
b) Nepal
c) Bangladesh
d) Sri Lanka
Answer: c) Bangladesh -
The passage suggests that the word "teasing" sounds too:
a) Serious
b) Friendly
c) Harsh
d) Technical
Answer: b) Friendly -
According to the passage, the first step to change is:
a) Making laws
b) Listening to survivors
c) Arresting bullies
d) Organizing rallies
Answer: b) Listening to survivors -
What message should public and private stakeholders promote?
a) Blaming the victims
b) Supporting stereotypes
c) Respect and equality from a young age
d) Ignoring the issues
Answer: c) Respect and equality from a young age
Here are some short questions based on the passage.
1. What is meant by 'eve-teasing' in Bangladesh?
'Eve-teasing' in Bangladesh refers to sexual harassment in public spaces. It is a softer term that masks the seriousness of the act. Using this term makes the harassment seem less harmful than it truly is.
2. Why is using the term 'eve-teasing' problematic?
Using the term 'eve-teasing' downplays the seriousness of sexual harassment. It makes people think the behavior is harmless or just playful. This reduces the urgency needed to address the issue properly.
3. What term should be used instead of 'eve-teasing' according to the passage?
The passage suggests using 'sexual harassment' instead of 'eve-teasing'. 'Sexual harassment' accurately describes the gravity of the behavior. This will help society understand and confront the real problem.
4. How has the seriousness of sexual harassment been treated in Bangladesh traditionally?
Traditionally, sexual harassment in Bangladesh has been minimized and normalized. People often do not see it as a serious crime. This attitude has delayed proper actions and justice.
5. What did Action Aid find in their 2015 survey?
Action Aid found that 84% of the women and girls they surveyed had experienced sexual harassment in public spaces. This survey included 800 women and girls. It highlights how widespread the problem is.
6. What does Ain O Salish Kendra (ASK) report about sexual harassment cases in 2018?
Ain O Salish Kendra (ASK) reported that 108 women were sexually harassed between January and October 2018. Out of these, eight women attempted suicide. Additionally, seven men were murdered while protesting against these harassments.
7. What impact did protesting sexual harassment have according to ASK?
According to ASK, protesting sexual harassment sometimes led to fatal consequences. Seven men lost their lives while standing up against harassment. This shows the dangerous environment surrounding this issue.
8. What needs to be done to bring social change regarding sexual harassment in Bangladesh?
The passage stresses that we must listen more to survivors. Blaming victims only worsens the situation. It is necessary to support survivors and work together as a society.
9. How should schools contribute to addressing sexual harassment?
Schools should start interventions early to teach respect and gender equality. Students must learn that harassment is unacceptable. Education at a young age can help change future generations' mindsets.
10. What role should parents and teachers play?
Parents and teachers should avoid spreading stereotypical ideas about gender. They must teach children to respect everyone equally. By doing so, they can help build a more respectful society.
11. What does the passage say about messaging around the socialization of boys and girls?
The passage says that current messaging must be reframed. Boys and girls should be taught equality and mutual respect from childhood. Ending stereotypes is critical for reducing harassment.
12. Why is listening to survivors important?
Listening to survivors helps us understand the pain they face. It encourages more people to speak out. It also builds a society that supports victims instead of blaming them.
13. Is there any national estimate of sexual harassment cases in Bangladesh?
No, there is no national estimate for sexual harassment cases in Bangladesh. Surveys like the one by Action Aid give some idea. But a complete picture is still missing.
14. What happens when inappropriate behavior is described using soft language?
Soft language makes serious behavior seem less harmful. It prevents people from realizing the true extent of the problem. This weakens efforts to stop harassment.
15. How can the society of Bangladesh move forward regarding this issue?
Society must start by accepting that harassment is a real and serious problem. Changing language, attitudes, and education are key steps. Everyone, from individuals to institutions, must work together to create safer spaces.
Here’s a summary of the passage.
In Bangladesh and other South Asian countries, sexual harassment in public spaces has been downplayed by calling it "eve-teasing," a term that minimizes the seriousness of the issue. It is important to use the correct term, "sexual harassment," to address the problem properly. Although recognition has been slow, policymakers are starting to acknowledge this reality. A 2015 ActionAid survey found that 84% of women experienced harassment in public, while Ain O Salish Kendra reported 108 cases in 2018, with severe consequences for some victims and protesters. To bring about social change, society must listen to survivors and stop blaming them. Schools, families, and communities must reshape attitudes and end harmful gender stereotypes.
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