Unit Five: Human Rights || Textbook page 88, 89 & 90 || Class eleven and twelve || Unit Five: Human Rights || Lesson 1 :Are We Aware of These Rights-I? || English first paper || Bangla meaning, text questions solution , short questions and word meaning ||
To complete this warm-up activity, follow these steps:
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Find News Articles: Look through the day's newspaper(s) for stories about human rights violations. Focus on cases involving children, women, disadvantaged groups, or ethnic minorities.
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Match with Human Rights Charters: Compare the incidents with human rights charters discussed in your previous lesson, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), or Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW).
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Summarize in a Paragraph: After identifying relevant stories and human rights articles, summarize your findings.
Example Summary:
Today's newspaper reported several human rights violations. One story highlighted child labor in a factory, violating Article 32 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, which protects children from economic exploitation. Another article covered domestic violence against women, violating Article 5 of CEDAW, which promotes gender equality and protection from abuse. Additionally, a report on ethnic minorities facing discrimination in employment aligns with Article 2 of the UDHR, which ensures freedom from discrimination. These cases emphasize the urgent need for stronger enforcement of human rights laws worldwide.
Here are some important words from the articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights along with their meanings in Bangla, synonyms, and antonyms:
| Word | Meaning (Bangla) | Synonym | Antonym |
|---|---|---|---|
| Privacy | গোপনীয়তা | Secrecy, Confidentiality | Publicity, Exposure |
| Interference | হস্তক্ষেপ | Intrusion, Meddling | Nonintervention, Avoidance |
| Persecution | নির্যাতন | Oppression, Harassment | Protection, Safety |
| Nationality | জাতীয়তা | Citizenship, Identity | Statelessness |
| Arbitrarily | স্বেচ্ছাচারিতাভাবে | Randomly, Unreasonably | Systematically, Justly |
| Deprived | বঞ্চিত | Denied, Stripped | Granted, Provided |
| Intending | ইচ্ছুক | Planning, Aspiring | Unwilling, Uninterested |
| Fundamental | মৌলিক | Essential, Basic | Secondary, Trivial |
| Conscience | বিবেক | Morality, Ethics | Immorality, Corruption |
| Manifest | স্পষ্টভাবে প্রকাশ করা | Display, Demonstrate | Conceal, Hide |
| Observance | পালন | Compliance, Adherence | Violation, Neglect |
| Opinion | মতামত | Viewpoint, Perspective | Fact, Ignorance |
| Expression | প্রকাশ | Articulation, Statement | Suppression, Silence |
| Assembly | সমাবেশ | Gathering, Meeting | Dispersal, Isolation |
| Association | সংস্থা বা সংগঠন | Organization, Union | Separation, Disconnection |
| Compelled | বাধ্য | Forced, Obligated | Voluntary, Free |
| Representative | প্রতিনিধি | Delegate, Agent | Opponent, Individual |
| Authority | কর্তৃত্ব | Power, Control | Weakness, Subordination |
| Protection | সুরক্ষা | Security, Safeguard | Danger, Exposure |
| Harassment | হয়রানি | Abuse, Persecution | Assistance, Relief |
| Worship | উপাসনা | Devotion, Prayer | Disrespect, Atheism |
| Freedom | স্বাধীনতা | Liberty, Independence | Restriction, Oppression |
| Government | সরকার | Administration, Ruling | Anarchy, Lawlessness |
| Equal | সমান | Fair, Just | Unequal, Biased |
| Rights | অধিকার | Privilege, Entitlement | Oppression, Injustice |
Here is the line-by-line Bangla meaning of the passage:
Article 12
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No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation.
কেউ যেন ইচ্ছামতো তার গোপনীয়তা, পরিবার, বসবাসের স্থান বা যোগাযোগের ক্ষেত্রে হস্তক্ষেপের শিকার না হয়, কিংবা তার সম্মান ও খ্যাতির ওপর আঘাত না আসে। -
Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.
প্রত্যেকের আইন দ্বারা এই ধরনের হস্তক্ষেপ বা আক্রমণের বিরুদ্ধে সুরক্ষার অধিকার রয়েছে।
Article 14
3. (1) Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution.
প্রত্যেকের অন্য দেশে নির্যাতনের হাত থেকে আশ্রয় চাওয়া এবং তা উপভোগ করার অধিকার রয়েছে।
Article 15
4. (1) Everyone has the right to a nationality.
প্রত্যেকের একটি জাতীয়তা অর্জনের অধিকার রয়েছে।
- (2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality.
কেউ যেন তার জাতীয়তা থেকে ইচ্ছামতো বঞ্চিত না হয় বা তার জাতীয়তা পরিবর্তনের অধিকার অস্বীকার না করা হয়।
Article 16
6. (1) Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family.
পূর্ণবয়স্ক পুরুষ ও নারীর জাতি, জাতীয়তা বা ধর্মের কারণে কোনো সীমাবদ্ধতা ছাড়াই বিবাহবন্ধনে আবদ্ধ হওয়া ও পরিবার গঠনের অধিকার রয়েছে।
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(2) Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses.
বিবাহ কেবলমাত্র সংশ্লিষ্ট দম্পতিদের স্বাধীন ও পূর্ণ সম্মতির ভিত্তিতে সম্পন্ন হতে হবে। -
(3) The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State.
পরিবার সমাজের প্রাকৃতিক ও মৌলিক একক এবং এটি সমাজ ও রাষ্ট্র দ্বারা সুরক্ষিত হওয়ার অধিকার রাখে।
Article 18
9. Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.
প্রত্যেকের চিন্তা, বিবেক ও ধর্মের স্বাধীনতার অধিকার রয়েছে এবং সে তার ধর্ম বা বিশ্বাস শিক্ষা, অনুশীলন, উপাসনা ও পালন করার মাধ্যমে প্রকাশ করতে পারে।
Article 19
10. Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference.
প্রত্যেকের মতামত ও প্রকাশের স্বাধীনতার অধিকার রয়েছে; এই অধিকার হস্তক্ষেপ ছাড়াই মতামত রাখার স্বাধীনতাকেও অন্তর্ভুক্ত করে।
Article 20
11. (1) Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.
প্রত্যেকের শান্তিপূর্ণ সমাবেশ ও সংঘবদ্ধ হওয়ার স্বাধীনতার অধিকার রয়েছে।
- (2) No one may be compelled to belong to an association.
কাউকে কোনো সংঘ বা সংগঠনে যোগ দিতে বাধ্য করা যাবে না।
Article 21
13. (1) Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives.
প্রত্যেকের তার দেশের সরকারে সরাসরি বা স্বাধীনভাবে নির্বাচিত প্রতিনিধিদের মাধ্যমে অংশগ্রহণের অধিকার রয়েছে।
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(2) Everyone has the right to equal access to public service in his country.
প্রত্যেকের তার দেশের সরকারি সেবায় সমানভাবে প্রবেশাধিকারের অধিকার রয়েছে। -
(3) The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government.
সরকারের ক্ষমতার ভিত্তি জনগণের ইচ্ছার ওপর নির্ভর করবে।
Here is the correct matching of words in Column A with their meanings in Column B:
a. asylum → iv. protection granted by a nation to someone who has left his or her native country as a political refugee
b. arbitrarily → viii. determined by chance, whim, or impulse and not by reason or principle
c. prosecution → i. conducting of legal proceedings against someone
d. dissolution → ii. the closing down or dismissal of an assembly, body, etc.
e. conscience → iii. an inner feeling or voice which directs one's behaviour
f. manifest → v. clear or obvious to the eye or mind
g. genuine → vi. authentic
h. suffrage → vii. the right to vote in a political election
Refugees often lose several fundamental rights mentioned in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights when they are forced to flee their countries. The provisions they are denied include:
- Article 12: Refugees often face violations of privacy, home, and family life due to displacement and lack of legal protection.
- Article 14: While refugees have the right to seek asylum, many face restrictions, deportation, or harsh conditions in host countries.
- Article 15: Refugees may lose their nationality or struggle to acquire a new one, leaving them stateless and without legal identity.
- Article 16: Family separation is common among refugees, making it difficult to exercise the right to marry and maintain a family.
- Article 18: In some host countries, refugees may face restrictions on practicing their religion freely.
- Article 19: Refugees may not have the freedom to express their opinions, especially if they fear persecution or political repression.
- Article 20: Many refugees lack the right to peacefully assemble or form associations in foreign countries.
- Article 21: Refugees are often denied political participation in their host country and may lose their ability to participate in their home country’s government.
Overall, displacement strips refugees of fundamental human rights, making legal protection and international support essential.
Unit Five: Human Rights Lesson 3 : Rights to Health and Education
E. Work in pairs and discuss what you understand by the terms 'freedom of expression' and 'freedom of assembly'?
Answer Question No. E
Discussion on 'Freedom of Expression' and 'Freedom of Assembly'
Freedom of Expression refers to the right of individuals to express their opinions, thoughts, and beliefs without fear of censorship, restriction, or punishment. This includes speech, writing, art, and media. It is protected under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). However, this right comes with certain limitations, such as restrictions on hate speech, defamation, or incitement to violence.
Freedom of Assembly is the right of people to gather peacefully for protests, demonstrations, meetings, or other forms of collective expression. This right is protected under Article 20 of the UDHR. It ensures that individuals can join groups, organizations, or movements without being forced or penalized. However, governments may regulate assemblies to maintain public safety, provided the restrictions are reasonable and lawful.
Discussion Questions:
- Why is freedom of expression important in a democratic society?
- Can there be limitations on freedom of speech? If so, what are they?
- How does freedom of assembly help people fight for their rights?
- Can governments restrict peaceful protests? Under what circumstances?
Discuss these questions with your partner and share your thoughts.
F. Write a paragraph on human rights violation around you.
Unit Five: Human Rights Lesson 3 : Rights to Health and Education
Answer Question No. F
Human Rights Violations in Society
Human rights violations continue to be a pressing issue in many parts of the world, including our own communities. Despite the existence of legal protections, individuals still suffer from discrimination, violence, and the denial of basic rights. One of the most prevalent issues is the violation of Article 12 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), which ensures protection against arbitrary interference in personal privacy and reputation. Many people, especially women and marginalized groups, face cyberbullying, online harassment, and privacy breaches, often with little legal recourse.
Another major violation is related to Article 14, which grants the right to seek asylum. Refugees and migrants often face hostility, discrimination, and harsh living conditions in camps or detention centers, depriving them of dignity and safety. Similarly, Article 15, which guarantees the right to nationality, is frequently violated. Stateless individuals, including certain ethnic minorities, struggle to obtain legal documentation, which prevents them from accessing education, healthcare, and employment.
Women's rights are also frequently violated, particularly in cases of forced marriages and domestic violence, contravening Article 16. Many women are denied the right to choose their spouse or are pressured into marriage due to cultural or economic reasons. Additionally, Article 18, which guarantees freedom of thought and religion, is often ignored. In some places, people face persecution for their religious beliefs, and certain groups are denied places of worship or the right to express their faith freely.
Moreover, violations of Articles 19 and 20, which protect freedom of expression and peaceful assembly, are common. Journalists and activists often face censorship, arrest, or violence for speaking out against injustice. Protesters advocating for social change are sometimes met with excessive police force, suppressing their right to peaceful assembly. Lastly, Article 21, which guarantees participation in government and equal access to public services, is often undermined by corruption, electoral fraud, and discrimination against certain political or ethnic groups.
These ongoing human rights violations highlight the urgent need for stronger enforcement of laws, public awareness campaigns, and social reforms to ensure that all individuals can live with dignity, freedom, and equality. Addressing these issues requires collective efforts from governments, civil society, and individuals to uphold the fundamental principles of human rights.
The chart represents child labor, which is a violation of children's rights, specifically their right to education, protection, and a childhood free from economic exploitation.
Interpretation of the Chart:
The chart shows the percentage of the labor force occupied by children aged 5-17 in different regions in 2017. The data is categorized by gender (boys in blue and girls in red).
- Middle East and North Africa have the lowest child labor rates, with 8% for boys and 6% for girls.
- Latin America and the Caribbean have slightly higher rates, with 13% of boys and 8% of girls in the labor force.
- Eastern and Southern Africa show a higher prevalence, with 27% of boys and 24% of girls involved in child labor.
- Sub-Saharan Africa reports even higher levels, with 30% of boys and 29% of girls working.
- West and Central Africa have the highest recorded levels, with both boys and girls at 32%.
- Least Developed Countries also show significant child labor rates, with 26% of boys and 24% of girls affected.
Key Observations:
- Child labor is more prevalent in developing regions, especially in Africa.
- Boys generally have higher child labor rates than girls, except in West and Central Africa, where the rates are equal.
- The highest rates are found in West and Central Africa, while the lowest rates are in Middle East and North Africa.
Implications:
- These statistics indicate widespread violations of children's rights, likely due to poverty, lack of education, and economic necessity.
- The high prevalence of child labor in Africa suggests systemic issues that need intervention, such as poverty reduction and access to education.
- Governments and international organizations must strengthen policies to eliminate child labor and protect children's rights.
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