Human Rights || Textbook page 91, 92 & 93 || Class eleven and twelve || Unit Five: Human Rights || Lesson 2 :Are We Aware of These Rights-II? || English first paper || Bangla meaning, word meaning in bangla , short questions. text questions and answer||
The first image depicts a scene of police brutality, where armed officers are using force against an unarmed individual on the ground. The second image shows domestic violence, where a man is threatening or attacking a woman.
The common element in both pictures is violence and abuse of power. Both situations involve human rights violations—police brutality violates the right to security and freedom from torture, while domestic violence violates the right to safety and dignity.
What Are Human Rights?
Human rights are the basic freedoms and protections that belong to every person, regardless of nationality, gender, race, or background. They include the right to life, safety, freedom of expression, and protection from violence and discrimination. Human rights ensure dignity, equality, and justice for all individuals. Violations of these rights, like police brutality and domestic violence, harm individuals and society, making it essential to protect and uphold them.
Group Discussion Questions and Responses
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Some of your friends do not agree with you on certain issues. They have their own beliefs but they are few in number. Will you impose your own beliefs on them? Why/Why not?
Response: No, I will not impose my beliefs on them because everyone has the right to their own opinions and perspectives. Respecting different viewpoints promotes healthy discussions and mutual understanding. Imposing beliefs can lead to conflict and division rather than cooperation and learning. -
Some people tell you that they do not like what you are doing. Will you force them to keep silent as you are very powerful? Why/Why not?
Response: No, I will not force them to keep silent because freedom of speech is a fundamental human right. Everyone should have the opportunity to express their opinions, even if they disagree with me. Silencing others is unfair and oppressive; instead, open dialogue can lead to constructive feedback and personal growth. -
Some people dominate others who belong to a different gender, race, or cultural identity. Do you support them? Why/Why not?
Response: No, I do not support them because discrimination and oppression violate the principles of equality and human dignity. Every person, regardless of gender, race, or cultural background, deserves respect and fair treatment. Promoting inclusivity and equal rights helps build a more just and peaceful society.
a. What is the equivalent expression for Human Rights in Bangla?
The equivalent expression for Human Rights in Bangla is "মানবাধিকার" (Manobadhikar).
b. How are the following words related to human rights?
i. Freedom of speech – The right to express opinions and ideas without fear of punishment or censorship.
ii. Freedom of belief – The right to follow and practice any religion or belief system without discrimination.
iii. Freedom of the press – The right of journalists and media to report news freely without government or external control.
iv. Right to education – The right of every individual to receive education and acquire knowledge for personal and social development.
v. Right to food – The right of all people to have access to sufficient, nutritious food for survival and well-being.
vi. Right to safe shelter – The right to have a safe place to live that protects individuals from harm and harsh conditions.
vii. Social activism – The act of standing up for justice and equality, working to protect and promote human rights in society.
viii. Protection against abuse – The right to live without physical, emotional, or psychological harm from others.
ix. Violation of privacy – A human rights issue where a person's personal information, communication, or personal space is intruded upon without consent.
c. Do you know what rights men, women, and children have as human beings? Make a list.
i. The right to express opinions freely and without fear.
ii. The right to be treated with dignity and respect, regardless of gender, race, or nationality.
iii. The right to equal opportunities in education and employment.
iv. The right to protection from violence, abuse, and discrimination.
v. The right to access healthcare and basic necessities of life.
vi. The right to live in a safe and secure environment.
vii. The right to vote and participate in decision-making processes.
viii. The right to fair treatment under the law and justice in case of violation.
These rights ensure a fair and just society where every human being can live with dignity and freedom.
Here is the completed text with the appropriate words filled in:
Article 1:
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in the spirit of brotherhood.
Article 2:
Everyone is entitled to the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth, or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional, or international status of the country or territory to which the person belongs.
Article 3:
Everyone has the right to life, liberty, and security of person.
Discussion: Do We Enjoy All the Rights Mentioned in the Declaration?
While the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) outlines fundamental rights and freedoms for all people, the reality is that not everyone fully enjoys these rights. The extent to which these rights are upheld varies from country to country and even among different groups within the same society.
Areas Where Rights Are Enjoyed:
- Many people enjoy freedom of speech, allowing them to express opinions without fear.
- In democratic societies, people have the right to vote and participate in decision-making.
- Many countries ensure education for all, improving literacy and opportunities for a better life.
- Laws exist to protect people from discrimination based on gender, race, or religion in some parts of the world.
Areas Where Rights Are Violated:
- Freedom of speech and press is restricted in many countries, where governments censor media or punish critics.
- Discrimination still exists, preventing equal opportunities for women, minorities, and marginalized groups.
- Right to safe shelter and food is not guaranteed for all, as poverty and homelessness remain major issues.
- Protection against abuse is weak in some places, with domestic violence, police brutality, and human trafficking still occurring.
- Political oppression in some countries prevents people from participating in governance or expressing different views.
Conclusion:
Although progress has been made, many people around the world still face human rights violations. It is important to continue promoting and defending these rights to ensure that everyone enjoys freedom, dignity, and equality.
Here is the correct matching of Column A with Column B based on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights:
| Column A | Column B |
|---|---|
| a. No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; | ix. slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms. |
| b. No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman | vi. or degrading treatment or punishment. |
| c. Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere | vii. as a person before the law. |
| d. All are equal before the law and are | iv. entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. |
| e. No one shall be subjected | v. to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile. |
| f. Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence | i. within the borders of each state. |
| g. Everyone has the right to leave any country including his | iii. own, and to return to his country. |
| h. Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful | viii. assembly and association. |
| i. No one may be | ii. compelled to belong to an association. |
This matching aligns with the fundamental principles of human rights as outlined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR).
5.2 Discussion: Are These Declarations Essential for Human Beings?
Yes, these declarations are essential for human beings because they ensure dignity, equality, and freedom for all individuals. They protect people from injustice, discrimination, and oppression while promoting peace and social progress. Without these rights, societies would be unfair and people would live in fear and suffering.
Answer Question No. 5.3
5.3 Arguments in Favor of These Declarations
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Protection of Human Dignity:
- Every person deserves to be treated with respect and fairness. These rights ensure that no one is treated as less valuable than others.
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Ensuring Equality and Justice:
- Rights like equal protection under the law and freedom from discrimination prevent injustice and unfair treatment based on gender, race, or social status.
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Freedom and Personal Development:
- Rights such as freedom of speech, movement, and association allow individuals to express themselves, travel, and participate in society freely.
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Prevention of Oppression and Abuse:
- Prohibiting slavery, torture, and arbitrary detention protects people from government abuses and exploitation.
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Building a Peaceful and Just Society:
- When people’s rights are respected, societies become more stable, democratic, and inclusive. Human rights reduce conflict and promote cooperation among individuals and nations.
Conclusion
These declarations are not just essential but the foundation of a fair and just world. Without them, people would live in fear, inequality, and oppression. Therefore, all societies must work to protect and uphold human rights for everyone.
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