Unit Nine: Adolescence || Lesson 2 Adolescence and Some (Related) Problems in Bangladesh || Textbook page 151, 152, 153, 154 & 155 || English first paper || Bangla meaning, line by line Bangla meaning, text questions and solution , short questions and summary ||
Unit Nine: Adolescence || Lesson 2 Adolescence and Some (Related) Problems in Bangladesh || Textbook page 151, 152, 153, 154 & 155 || English first paper || Bangla meaning, line by line Bangla meaning, text questions and solution , short questions and summary ||
A. Warm up activity
Look at the pictures and discuss the following questions in pairs.
a. What does each of these photographs show?
b. What are some typical health problems affecting adolescent boys and girls?
e. Who, do you think, are more vulnerable to adolescent health problems-boys or girls? Why?
d. Why should all of us say 'No' to habit-forming drugs of every kind?
Answer Question No. A
Here are possible answers to the questions based on the images:
a. What does each of these photographs show?
- Image (a): A young girl appears to be in distress, possibly representing child labor or abuse.
- Image (b): A person with their head in their hands, surrounded by symbols of addiction (alcohol, drugs, smoking), indicating substance abuse.
- Image (c): A young girl in traditional wedding attire, representing child marriage.
- Image (d): A malnourished child with a mother, showing poverty and malnutrition.
b. What are some typical health problems affecting adolescent boys and girls?
- Boys: Substance abuse, injuries from risky behavior, mental health issues, peer pressure.
- Girls: Early pregnancy, malnutrition, menstrual health issues, mental health struggles.
c. Who, do you think, are more vulnerable to adolescent health problems—boys or girls? Why?
- Girls are generally more vulnerable due to factors like early marriage, pregnancy complications, gender-based discrimination, and lack of access to education and healthcare. However, boys also face risks like peer pressure leading to substance abuse and reckless behavior.
d. Why should all of us say ‘No’ to habit-forming drugs of every kind?
- Habit-forming drugs damage physical and mental health, cause addiction, lead to financial instability, and ruin personal and professional lives. They can also increase the risk of crime and violence in society.
B. Now read about some typical health problems experienced by adolescent girls and boys in Bangladesh.
i. Adolescents constitute a nation's core resource for national renewal and growth. Adolescence is a period in life when transition from childhood to adulthood takes place and behaviours and life styles are shaped. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), adolescence is the period which shapes the future of girls' and boys' lives. There are more then 31 million adolescents in Bangladesh; 13.7 million of them are girls and 14.3 million boys.
ii. The situation of adolescent girls in Bangladesh is characterised by inequality and subordination within the family and society. This inequality leads to widespread practice of child marriage, marginalisation or exclusion from health, education and economic opportunities, and vulnerability to violence and sexual abuse.
iii. In Bangladesh, the legal age of marriage is 18
for girls and 21 for boys. However, 33 percent of adolescent girls are married before the age of 15 and 60 percent become mothers by the age of 19. Research finds that adolescents with higher level of education and from more affluent families tend to marry at a later age. Boys, however. become ready for marriage only after several years of adolescence and young adulthood.
iv. When a girl gets married, she usually drops
out of school and begins full-time work in her in-laws' household. In the in-laws' house, she is marginalized. She becomes vulnerable to all forms of abuse, including dowry-related violence. In Bangladesh, it is still common for a bride's family to pay dowry, despite the practice being illegal. Dowry demands can also continue after the wedding. For an adolescent bride, even if her in-laws are supportive, there are significant health risks in terms of pregnancy and child birth. The majority of adolescent brides and their families are uninformed or insufficiently informed about reproductive health and contraception. The maternal mortality rate for adolescents is double the national rate.
v. When adolescent girls are pulled out of school, either for marriage or work, they often lose their mobility, their friends and social status. The lack of mobility among adolescent girls also curtails their economic and non-formal educational opportunities. Moreover, they lack information about health issues. According to a study, only about three in five adolescents have even heard of HIV. It is also reported that more than 50 percent of adolescent girls are undernourished and suffer from anaemia. Adolescent fertility is also high in Bangladesh. The contribution of the adolescent fertility rate to the total fertility rate increased from 20.3% in 1993 to 24.4% in 2007. Moreover, neonatal mortality is another concern for younger mothers.
somewhat better, many are vulnerable and lack the power to make decisions about their own lives. Many boys who are unable to go to school, or are unemployed, remain unaware of social or health issues. They are at considerable risk of being drawn into criminal activities. They are also more likely to get exposed to drugs and alcohol.
Sources:
1. Health Profile of Adolescents and Youth in Bangladesh, Government of Bangladesh, 2007, available at: http://ban.searo.who.int/LinkFiles/Publication Health Profile of Adolescents_und Youth_in Bangladesh.pdf
2. Unite for Children, UNICEF, Adolescent Empowerment Project in Bangladesh, 2009, available at http://www.unicef.org/bangladesh/Adolescent Empowerment %28KA%29.pdf
Here are some important words from the passage along with their meanings in Bangla, synonyms, and antonyms:
-
Adolescents – কিশোর-কিশোরী
- Synonym: Teenagers, youths
- Antonym: Adults, children
-
Constitute – গঠন করা
- Synonym: Form, compose
- Antonym: Destroy, dismantle
-
Transition – পরিবর্তনকাল
- Synonym: Shift, change
- Antonym: Stability, stagnation
-
Subordination – অধীনতা
- Synonym: Inferiority, dependence
- Antonym: Dominance, superiority
-
Marginalisation – প্রান্তিককরণ
- Synonym: Exclusion, neglect
- Antonym: Inclusion, acceptance
-
Vulnerability – দুর্বলতা
- Synonym: Weakness, susceptibility
- Antonym: Strength, security
-
Violence – সহিংসতা
- Synonym: Aggression, brutality
- Antonym: Peace, harmony
-
Legal – আইনগত
- Synonym: Lawful, legitimate
- Antonym: Illegal, unlawful
-
Affluent – ধনী, সমৃদ্ধ
- Synonym: Wealthy, prosperous
- Antonym: Poor, impoverished
-
Marginalized – অবহেলিত
- Synonym: Neglected, sidelined
- Antonym: Recognized, included
-
Dowry – পণ
- Synonym: Bride price, marriage gift
- Antonym: Gift-free marriage
-
Illegal – বেআইনি
- Synonym: Unlawful, illicit
- Antonym: Legal, permitted
-
Reproductive – প্রজনন সংক্রান্ত
- Synonym: Fertile, generative
- Antonym: Infertile, sterile
-
Contraception – গর্ভনিরোধক
- Synonym: Birth control, family planning
- Antonym: Fertility, conception
-
Mortality – মৃত্যুহার
- Synonym: Death rate, fatality
- Antonym: Survival, longevity
-
Fertility – উর্বরতা
- Synonym: Productivity, fecundity
- Antonym: Infertility, barrenness
-
Curtail – সংকোচন করা
- Synonym: Reduce, limit
- Antonym: Expand, extend
-
Economic – অর্থনৈতিক
- Synonym: Financial, monetary
- Antonym: Non-financial
-
Mobility – চলাফেরার স্বাধীনতা
- Synonym: Movement, flexibility
- Antonym: Immobility, restriction
-
Undernourished – অপুষ্ট
- Synonym: Malnourished, underfed
- Antonym: Well-nourished, healthy
-
Anaemia – রক্তাল্পতা
- Synonym: Blood deficiency, weakness
- Antonym: Healthy blood count
-
Unemployed – বেকার
- Synonym: Jobless, idle
- Antonym: Employed, working
-
Considerable – উল্লেখযোগ্য
- Synonym: Significant, substantial
- Antonym: Insignificant, minor
-
Exposure – সংস্পর্শে আসা
- Synonym: Contact, encounter
- Antonym: Protection, concealment
-
Neonatal – নবজাতক সংক্রান্ত
- Synonym: Newborn-related
- Antonym: Adult health-related
-
Exclusion – বর্জন
- Synonym: Omission, rejection
- Antonym: Inclusion, acceptance
-
Prosperous – সমৃদ্ধ
- Synonym: Successful, affluent
- Antonym: Poor, struggling
-
Ignorance – অজ্ঞতা
- Synonym: Unawareness, naivety
- Antonym: Knowledge, awareness
-
Prevention – প্রতিরোধ
- Synonym: Avoidance, hindrance
- Antonym: Allowance, encouragement
-
Uninformed – অজ্ঞ
- Synonym: Unaware, ignorant
- Antonym: Informed, knowledgeable
-
Neglect – অবহেলা
- Synonym: Disregard, carelessness
- Antonym: Attention, care
-
Deprivation – বঞ্চনা
- Synonym: Lack, deficiency
- Antonym: Abundance, excess
-
Addiction – আসক্তি
- Synonym: Dependency, obsession
- Antonym: Independence, self-control
-
Obligation – বাধ্যবাধকতা
- Synonym: Duty, responsibility
- Antonym: Freedom, choice
-
Susceptibility – সংবেদনশীলতা
- Synonym: Vulnerability, sensitivity
- Antonym: Immunity, resistance
Here are the line by line Bangla meaning of the passage
1. Adolescents constitute a nation's core resource for national renewal and growth.
কিশোর-কিশোরীরা একটি জাতির পুনর্গঠন ও উন্নতির প্রধান সম্পদ।
2. Adolescence is a period in life when transition from childhood to adulthood takes place and behaviours and lifestyles are shaped.
কিশোরত্ব এমন একটি সময়, যখন শৈশব থেকে প্রাপ্তবয়স্ক জীবনে পরিবর্তন ঘটে এবং আচরণ ও জীবনধারা গঠিত হয়।
3. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), adolescence is the period which shapes the future of girls' and boys' lives.
বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য সংস্থার (WHO) মতে, কিশোরত্ব এমন একটি সময়, যা ছেলেমেয়েদের ভবিষ্যৎ গঠন করে।
4. There are more than 31 million adolescents in Bangladesh; 13.7 million of them are girls and 14.3 million boys.
বাংলাদেশে ৩১ মিলিয়নেরও বেশি কিশোর-কিশোরী রয়েছে; তাদের মধ্যে ১৩.৭ মিলিয়ন মেয়ে এবং ১৪.৩ মিলিয়ন ছেলে।
5. The situation of adolescent girls in Bangladesh is characterised by inequality and subordination within the family and society.
বাংলাদেশে কিশোরী মেয়েদের অবস্থা পরিবার ও সমাজে বৈষম্য এবং অধীনতার মাধ্যমে চিহ্নিত হয়।
6. This inequality leads to widespread practice of child marriage, marginalisation or exclusion from health, education and economic opportunities, and vulnerability to violence and sexual abuse.
এই বৈষম্যের কারণে বাল্যবিবাহের ব্যাপক প্রচলন, স্বাস্থ্য, শিক্ষা ও অর্থনৈতিক সুযোগ থেকে বঞ্চিত হওয়া এবং সহিংসতা ও যৌন নির্যাতনের ঝুঁকির সম্মুখীন হওয়া ঘটে।
7. In Bangladesh, the legal age of marriage is 18 for girls and 21 for boys.
বাংলাদেশে মেয়েদের জন্য বিবাহের আইনি বয়স ১৮ এবং ছেলেদের জন্য ২১।
8. However, 33 percent of adolescent girls are married before the age of 15 and 60 percent become mothers by the age of 19.
তবে, ১৫ বছরের আগে ৩৩ শতাংশ কিশোরী মেয়ে বিয়ে হয় এবং ১৯ বছরের মধ্যে ৬০ শতাংশ মা হয়ে যায়।
9. Research finds that adolescents with higher levels of education and from more affluent families tend to marry at a later age.
গবেষণায় দেখা গেছে, উচ্চ শিক্ষিত এবং সচ্ছল পরিবারের কিশোর-কিশোরীরা সাধারণত দেরিতে বিয়ে করে।
10. Boys, however, become ready for marriage only after several years of adolescence and young adulthood.
তবে, ছেলেরা কিশোরত্ব ও তরুণ বয়সের কয়েক বছর পরেই বিয়ের জন্য প্রস্তুত হয়।
11. When a girl gets married, she usually drops out of school and begins full-time work in her in-laws' household.
একজন মেয়ে বিয়ে করলে সাধারণত সে স্কুল ছেড়ে দেয় এবং শ্বশুরবাড়িতে পুরো সময়ের কাজ শুরু করে।
12. In the in-laws' house, she is marginalized.
শ্বশুরবাড়িতে সে উপেক্ষিত হয়।
13. She becomes vulnerable to all forms of abuse, including dowry-related violence.
সে যৌতুক-সংক্রান্ত সহিংসতাসহ সব ধরনের নির্যাতনের ঝুঁকিতে থাকে।
14. In Bangladesh, it is still common for a bride's family to pay dowry, despite the practice being illegal.
বাংলাদেশে, আইনত নিষিদ্ধ হলেও এখনো কনের পরিবারকে যৌতুক দিতে হয়।
15. Dowry demands can also continue after the wedding.
বিয়ের পরও যৌতুকের দাবি চলতে পারে।
16. For an adolescent bride, even if her in-laws are supportive, there are significant health risks in terms of pregnancy and childbirth.
একজন কিশোরী কনের ক্ষেত্রে, তার শ্বশুরবাড়ির লোকজন সহায়ক হলেও গর্ভধারণ ও সন্তান জন্মদানের ক্ষেত্রে গুরুতর স্বাস্থ্যঝুঁকি থাকে।
17. The majority of adolescent brides and their families are uninformed or insufficiently informed about reproductive health and contraception.
অধিকাংশ কিশোরী কনে ও তাদের পরিবার প্রজনন স্বাস্থ্য ও গর্ভনিরোধ সম্পর্কে সচেতন নয় বা পর্যাপ্ত তথ্য জানে না।
18. The maternal mortality rate for adolescents is double the national rate.
কিশোরীদের মাতৃমৃত্যুর হার জাতীয় গড়ের দ্বিগুণ।
19. When adolescent girls are pulled out of school, either for marriage or work, they often lose their mobility, their friends and social status.
যখন কিশোরী মেয়েরা বিয়ে বা কাজের জন্য স্কুল ছেড়ে দেয়, তখন তারা চলাফেরার স্বাধীনতা, বন্ধু এবং সামাজিক মর্যাদা হারায়।
20. The lack of mobility among adolescent girls also curtails their economic and non-formal educational opportunities.
কিশোরী মেয়েদের চলাফেরার স্বাধীনতা কমে যাওয়ায় তারা অর্থনৈতিক ও অনানুষ্ঠানিক শিক্ষার সুযোগ থেকেও বঞ্চিত হয়।
21. Moreover, they lack information about health issues.
এছাড়াও, তারা স্বাস্থ্য সংক্রান্ত তথ্যের অভাব অনুভব করে।
22. According to a study, only about three in five adolescents have even heard of HIV.
একটি গবেষণায় দেখা গেছে, প্রতি পাঁচজন কিশোর-কিশোরীর মধ্যে মাত্র তিনজন এইচআইভি সম্পর্কে শুনেছে।
23. It is also reported that more than 50 percent of adolescent girls are undernourished and suffer from anaemia.
এছাড়াও জানা গেছে, ৫০ শতাংশের বেশি কিশোরী অপুষ্টিতে ভোগে এবং রক্তস্বল্পতায় আক্রান্ত।
24. Adolescent fertility is also high in Bangladesh.
বাংলাদেশে কিশোরীদের প্রজনন হারও বেশি।
25. The contribution of the adolescent fertility rate to the total fertility rate increased from 20.3% in 1993 to 24.4% in 2007.
১৯৯৩ সালে মোট প্রজনন হারে কিশোরীদের অবদান ছিল ২০.৩%, যা ২০০৭ সালে বেড়ে ২৪.৪% হয়েছে।
26. Moreover, neonatal mortality is another concern for younger mothers.
এছাড়াও, অল্পবয়সী মায়েদের জন্য নবজাতকের মৃত্যু আরেকটি বড় সমস্যা।
27. While the situation for adolescent boys is somewhat better, many are vulnerable and lack the power to make decisions about their own lives.
যদিও কিশোর ছেলেদের অবস্থা কিছুটা ভালো, তবুও অনেকেই ঝুঁকির মধ্যে থাকে এবং নিজের জীবনের সিদ্ধান্ত নেওয়ার ক্ষমতা কম থাকে।
28. Many boys who are unable to go to school, or are unemployed, remain unaware of social or health issues.
অনেক ছেলেই স্কুলে যেতে না পারলে বা বেকার থাকলে সামাজিক বা স্বাস্থ্য বিষয় সম্পর্কে অবগত থাকে না।
29. They are at considerable risk of being drawn into criminal activities.
তারা অপরাধমূলক কর্মকাণ্ডে জড়িয়ে পড়ার বড় ঝুঁকিতে থাকে।
30. They are also more likely to get exposed to drugs and alcohol.
তারা মাদক ও মদ্যপানের ঝুঁকিতেও বেশি থাকে।
C. Read the following statements and decide if they are true or false. If a statement is false, correct it.
a. In Bangladesh there are more adolescent boys than adolescent girls.
b. Many girls in Bangladesh get married before they reach the legal age for marriage.
c. A bride's family has to pay dowry only before the wedding.
d. More than half of Bangladeshi adolescent girls cannot meet their dietary needs.
e. Many adolescent boys in Bangladesh are likely to be involved in various forms of criminal offence.
Answer Question No. C
Here are the answers to the true or false statements:
a. In Bangladesh, there are more adolescent boys than adolescent girls.
✅ True (There are 14.3 million boys and 13.7 million girls.)
b. Many girls in Bangladesh get married before they reach the legal age for marriage.
✅ True (33% of adolescent girls are married before the age of 15, and 60% become mothers by 19.)
c. A bride's family has to pay dowry only before the wedding.
❌ False (Dowry demands can continue even after the wedding.)
d. More than half of Bangladeshi adolescent girls cannot meet their dietary needs.
✅ True (More than 50% of adolescent girls are undernourished and suffer from anaemia.)
e. Many adolescent boys in Bangladesh are likely to be involved in various forms of criminal offence.
✅ True (Many boys who are unemployed or out of school are at risk of getting involved in criminal activities.)
Answer Question No. D
To match the causes with the effects and form sentences using ‘as’, ‘since’, or ‘because’, you can follow this approach:
1. i. Some adolescent girls have higher level of education.
Effect: e. They have a tendency of getting married at a later age.
Sentence: Some adolescent girls have a tendency of getting married at a later age because they have a higher level of education.
2. ii. Boys are usually more concerned about their financial independence.
Effect: c. They get married several years after adolescence and young adulthood.
Sentence: Boys usually get married several years after adolescence and young adulthood since they are more concerned about their financial independence.
3. iii. Many girls drop out of school after marriage.
Effect: b. They have to work all day long at their in-laws' household.
Sentence: Many girls have to work all day long at their in-laws' household because they drop out of school after marriage.
4. iv. Married girls have no status and bargaining power in their in-laws' house.
Effect: d. They become victims of domestic violence.
Sentence: Married girls become victims of domestic violence as they have no status and bargaining power in their in-laws' house.
5. v. Most adolescent brides have no or little knowledge of reproductive health and contraception.
Effect: a. This leads to increased mortality rates among adolescent brides during childbirth.
Sentence: Most adolescent brides face increased mortality rates during childbirth because they have no or little knowledge of reproductive health and contraception.
6. vi. Many adolescent boys are unemployed and unaware of many social or health issues.
Effect: f. They have the risks of getting involved in criminal activities, including drug abuse.
Sentence: Many adolescent boys have the risks of getting involved in criminal activities, including drug abuse, as they are unemployed and unaware of many social or health issues.
E. Find the meanings of the words given below and then make sentences with them.
a. dowry
b. mobility
c. contraception
d. undernourished
e. vulnerable
Answer Question No. E
Meanings and Sentences
a. Dowry – Money, goods, or property that a bride’s family gives to the groom’s family at marriage.
- Sentence: Although dowry is illegal, many families in rural areas still follow this harmful practice.
b. Mobility – The ability to move freely from one place to another.
- Sentence: The lack of mobility for girls in some areas prevents them from attending school regularly.
c. Contraception – Methods or devices used to prevent pregnancy.
- Sentence: Many adolescents in rural areas have little knowledge about contraception and reproductive health.
d. Undernourished – Not having enough food or essential nutrients for good health.
- Sentence: Many underprivileged children in Bangladesh are undernourished due to poverty.
e. Vulnerable – Easily harmed, either physically or emotionally.
- Sentence: Adolescent girls in poor communities are more vulnerable to early marriage and abuse.
F. The text in Activity B has six paragraphs (i-vi). Choose the most suitable headings for the paragraphs from the list of headings below. There are more headings in the box than the paragraphs, so you will not use all of them.
List of headings
1. Reasons for adolescent fertility
2. Concerted efforts to address adolescents' needs
3. Importance of adolescent population
4. A process of disempowerment of women
5. The curse of early marriage
6. Consequences of taking drugs
7. Unfortunate state of adolescent girls
8. Boys are not free from certain risks
9. Violence within the family
Answer Question No. F
Here are the most suitable headings for each paragraph:
i. Importance of adolescent population (Heading 3) – This paragraph highlights the role of adolescents in a nation's growth and development.
ii. Unfortunate state of adolescent girls (Heading 7) – It discusses the inequality, marginalization, and violence faced by adolescent girls in Bangladesh.
iii. The curse of early marriage (Heading 5) – This paragraph focuses on child marriage, the legal age of marriage, and the impact on girls' lives.
iv. A process of disempowerment of women (Heading 4) – It explains how marriage leads to school dropouts, abuse, dowry issues, and health risks.
v. Reasons for adolescent fertility (Heading 1) – This paragraph discusses high adolescent fertility, undernourishment, and neonatal mortality.
vi. Boys are not free from certain risks (Heading 8) – It describes how boys face challenges like unemployment, lack of awareness, and exposure to crime and drugs.
G. One of your cousins living in a different city is a teen now. Write an email to her/him suggesting what to do during this transitional period of life.
Subject: Suggestions for Your Teenage Years
Dear Rupa,
I hope this email finds you well and happy! I know you're going through a period of transition right now, and I wanted to take a moment to share some thoughts with you as you navigate this important phase of life.
Adolescence is a time of change and self-discovery, so it’s essential to embrace it with a positive and thoughtful mindset. Here are some things you can do to make the most of this time:
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Focus on Education: This is one of the best investments you can make for your future. Take your studies seriously and always ask questions when you're unsure about something. Whether it's in school or any other field, knowledge is power, and it will open up more opportunities for you down the line.
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Stay Healthy: Make sure to eat well and stay active. Your body and mind are both changing, so it's important to take care of yourself. Regular exercise and a balanced diet will help you feel better, stay strong, and maintain your energy.
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Develop Good Habits: Building habits such as time management, self-discipline, and organization will serve you well now and in the future. Set goals for yourself and work towards them step by step.
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Learn about Yourself: Adolescence is the time to learn more about who you are and what you enjoy. Take up hobbies that interest you, explore new passions, and think about what makes you happy and fulfilled.
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Talk about Your Feelings: If you ever feel stressed or unsure, don’t hesitate to talk to someone you trust—whether it’s family, friends, or a mentor. It’s okay to express your emotions and ask for support when you need it.
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Stay Away from Harmful Influences: Be mindful of your surroundings and the people you interact with. Avoid peer pressure, especially when it comes to drugs, alcohol, or risky behaviors. Protecting your mental and physical health should always be a top priority.
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Stay Informed: Make sure to learn about important health and social topics, including things like sexual and reproductive health, hygiene, and emotional well-being. Having this knowledge will empower you to make better decisions as you move forward.
I believe in you, Rupa, and I know that you will continue to grow into a strong, smart, and confident young woman. Take this time to set goals, build a good foundation for your future, and make the most of the opportunities that come your way.
Remember, I’m always here if you need advice or just want to chat.
Take care and stay strong!
Best wishes,
Rana
rana@gmail.com
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