Textbook page 151, 152 & 153|| English first paper || Unit Nine: Adolescence || Lesson 2 Adolescence and Some (Related) Problems in Bangladesh || Bangla meaning, line by line Bangla meaning, text questions and solution , short questions and summary ||
Textbook page 151, 152 & 153|| English first paper || Unit Nine: Adolescence || Lesson 2 Adolescence and Some (Related) Problems in Bangladesh || Bangla meaning, line by line Bangla meaning, text questions and solution , short questions and summary ||
- Adolescents (কিশোর-কিশোরী) – Synonym: Teenagers (কিশোর), Youth (যুবক) | Antonym: Adults (প্রাপ্তবয়স্ক)
- Transition (পরিবর্তন) – Synonym: Shift (স্থানান্তর), Change (পরিবর্তন) | Antonym: Stability (স্থিতিশীলতা)
- Behaviour (আচরণ) – Synonym: Conduct (চালচলন), Manner (ব্যবহার) | Antonym: Misconduct (অসদাচরণ)
- Inequality (অসমতা) – Synonym: Disparity (পার্থক্য), Discrimination (বৈষম্য) | Antonym: Equality (সমতা)
- Subordination (অধীনতা) – Synonym: Inferiority (নিম্নতা), Dependence (নির্ভরতা) | Antonym: Superiority (উচ্চতা)
- Marginalisation (প্রান্তিকীকরণ) – Synonym: Exclusion (বহিষ্কার), Neglect (উপেক্ষা) | Antonym: Inclusion (অন্তর্ভুক্তি)
- Vulnerability (দুর্বলতা) – Synonym: Susceptibility (সংবেদনশীলতা), Risk (ঝুঁকি) | Antonym: Security (নিরাপত্তা)
- Violence (হিংস্রতা) – Synonym: Aggression (আক্রমণ), Brutality (নির্মমতা) | Antonym: Peace (শান্তি)
- Sexual abuse (যৌন নির্যাতন) – Synonym: Harassment (উত্পীড়ন), Exploitation (শোষণ) | Antonym: Protection (সুরক্ষা)
- Affluent (ধনী) – Synonym: Wealthy (সচ্ছল), Prosperous (সমৃদ্ধ) | Antonym: Poor (দরিদ্র)
- Dowry (যৌতুক) – Synonym: Bride price (বিবাহমূল্য), Marriage gift (বিবাহ উপহার) | Antonym: Gift-free marriage (উপহারবিহীন বিবাহ)
- Maternal (মাতৃত্বসংক্রান্ত) – Synonym: Motherly (মাতৃসুলভ), Parental (পিতামাতার) | Antonym: Paternal (পিতৃসুলভ)
- Mortality (মৃত্যুহার) – Synonym: Death rate (মৃত্যুর হার), Fatality (প্রাণহানি) | Antonym: Survival (বেঁচে থাকা)
- Reproductive health (প্রজনন স্বাস্থ্য) – Synonym: Fertility health (উর্বরতা স্বাস্থ্য), Maternal health (মাতৃত্বস্বাস্থ্য) | Antonym: Infertility (বন্ধ্যাত্ব)
- Contraception (গর্ভনিরোধ) – Synonym: Birth control (জন্মনিয়ন্ত্রণ), Family planning (পরিবার পরিকল্পনা) | Antonym: Fertility promotion (উর্বরতা বৃদ্ধি)
- Undernourished (পুষ্টিহীন) – Synonym: Malnourished (অপুষ্ট), Starved (অনাহারী) | Antonym: Well-nourished (পুষ্টিসম্পন্ন)
- Anaemia (রক্তস্বল্পতা) – Synonym: Blood deficiency (রক্তের অভাব), Weakness (দুর্বলতা) | Antonym: Healthy blood (সুস্থ রক্ত)
- Fertility (উর্বরতা) – Synonym: Reproductivity (প্রজননক্ষমতা), Productivity (উৎপাদনশীলতা) | Antonym: Infertility (বন্ধ্যাত্ব)
- Neonatal (নবজাতক সংক্রান্ত) – Synonym: Newborn (নবজাতক), Infant (শিশু) | Antonym: Adult (প্রাপ্তবয়স্ক)
- Mobility (চলাচল ক্ষমতা) – Synonym: Movement (গতি), Flexibility (নমনীয়তা) | Antonym: Immobility (অচলতা)
- Social status (সামাজিক মর্যাদা) – Synonym: Position (অবস্থান), Rank (পদমর্যাদা) | Antonym: Social exclusion (সামাজিক বর্জন)
- Educational opportunities (শিক্ষাগত সুযোগ) – Synonym: Learning chances (শেখার সুযোগ), Academic access (শিক্ষাগত প্রবেশাধিকার) | Antonym: Illiteracy (অশিক্ষা)
- Economic opportunities (অর্থনৈতিক সুযোগ) – Synonym: Employment chance (চাকরির সুযোগ), Financial access (আর্থিক প্রবেশাধিকার) | Antonym: Unemployment (বেকারত্ব)
- Adolescent fertility rate (কিশোর-কিশোরীদের উর্বরতার হার) – Synonym: Teenage birth rate (কিশোরী মাতৃত্বহার) | Antonym: Low fertility rate (নিম্ন উর্বরতা হার)
- Criminal activities (অপরাধমূলক কার্যকলাপ) – Synonym: Illegal acts (অবৈধ কাজ), Offense (অপরাধ) | Antonym: Lawfulness (আইন মান্যতা)
- Unemployment (বেকারত্ব) – Synonym: Joblessness (চাকরিহীনতা), Idleness (অলসতা) | Antonym: Employment (চাকরি)
- Awareness (সচেতনতা) – Synonym: Knowledge (জ্ঞান), Understanding (বোঝাপড়া) | Antonym: Ignorance (অজ্ঞতা)
- Exposed (প্রকাশিত, সংস্পর্শে আসা) – Synonym: Vulnerable (ঝুঁকিপূর্ণ), Unprotected (অরক্ষিত) | Antonym: Sheltered (সুরক্ষিত)
- Health issues (স্বাস্থ্য সংক্রান্ত সমস্যা) – Synonym: Medical concerns (চিকিৎসাগত সমস্যা), Well-being problems (সুস্থতার সমস্যা) | Antonym: Good health (সুস্থতা)
- Decision-making power (সিদ্ধান্ত নেওয়ার ক্ষমতা) – Synonym: Authority (কর্তৃত্ব), Control (নিয়ন্ত্রণ) | Antonym: Powerlessness (ক্ষমতাহীনতা)
- Supportive (সহায়ক) – Synonym: Encouraging (উৎসাহদাতা), Helpful (সহায়তাকারী) | Antonym: Unsupportive (অসমর্থনকারী)
- Illegal (অবৈধ) – Synonym: Unlawful (আইনবিরুদ্ধ), Forbidden (নিষিদ্ধ) | Antonym: Legal (বৈধ)
- Stability (স্থিতিশীলতা) – Synonym: Balance (সামঞ্জস্য), Security (নিরাপত্তা) | Antonym: Instability (অস্থিরতা)
- Exclusion (বর্জন) – Synonym: Omission (অপসারণ), Rejection (প্রত্যাখ্যান) | Antonym: Inclusion (অন্তর্ভুক্তি)
- Rights (অধিকার) – Synonym: Entitlement (সুবিধা), Privilege (বিশেষ অধিকার) | Antonym: Oppression (নিপীড়ন)
Text questions and solutions Unit Nine: Adolescence Lesson 2 Adolescence and Some (Related) Problems in Bangladesh
i. Adolescents constitute a nation's core resource for national renewal and growth.
কিশোর-কিশোরীরা একটি জাতির নবজীবন ও প্রবৃদ্ধির মূল সম্পদ।
Adolescence is a period in life when transition from childhood to adulthood takes place and behaviours and life styles are shaped.
কৈশোর এমন একটি সময়, যখন শৈশব থেকে প্রাপ্তবয়স্ক হওয়ার পরিবর্তন ঘটে এবং আচরণ ও জীবনধারা গড়ে ওঠে।
According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), adolescence is the period which shapes the future of girls' and boys' lives.
বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য সংস্থার (WHO) মতে, কৈশোর হল সেই সময়, যা ছেলে-মেয়েদের ভবিষ্যৎ গঠনে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা রাখে।
There are more than 31 million adolescents in Bangladesh; 13.7 million of them are girls and 14.3 million boys.
বাংলাদেশে ৩ কোটির বেশি কিশোর-কিশোরী রয়েছে; তাদের মধ্যে ১ কোটি ৩৭ লাখ মেয়ে এবং ১ কোটি ৪৩ লাখ ছেলে।
ii. The situation of adolescent girls in Bangladesh is characterised by inequality and subordination within the family and society.
বাংলাদেশে কিশোরী মেয়েদের পরিস্থিতি পরিবার ও সমাজে বৈষম্য এবং অধীনতার মাধ্যমে চিহ্নিত হয়।
This inequality leads to widespread practice of child marriage, marginalisation or exclusion from health, education and economic opportunities, and vulnerability to violence and sexual abuse.
এই বৈষম্য ব্যাপকভাবে বাল্যবিবাহের প্রচলন, স্বাস্থ্য, শিক্ষা ও অর্থনৈতিক সুযোগ থেকে বঞ্চিত হওয়া এবং সহিংসতা ও যৌন নির্যাতনের শিকার হওয়ার ঝুঁকি সৃষ্টি করে।
iii. In Bangladesh, the legal age of marriage is 18 for girls and 21 for boys.
বাংলাদেশে মেয়েদের জন্য আইনি বিয়ের বয়স ১৮ এবং ছেলেদের জন্য ২১।
However, 33 percent of adolescent girls are married before the age of 15 and 60 percent become mothers by the age of 19.
তবে, ৩৩ শতাংশ কিশোরী ১৫ বছরের আগে বিয়ে করে এবং ৬০ শতাংশ ১৯ বছরের মধ্যে মা হয়ে যায়।
Research finds that adolescents with higher levels of education and from more affluent families tend to marry at a later age.
গবেষণায় দেখা গেছে, উচ্চশিক্ষিত এবং সচ্ছল পরিবারের কিশোর-কিশোরীরা সাধারণত দেরিতে বিয়ে করে।
Boys, however, become ready for marriage only after several years of adolescence and young adulthood.
অন্যদিকে, ছেলেরা কৈশোর ও তারুণ্যের কয়েক বছর পরই বিয়ের জন্য প্রস্তুত হয়।
iv. When a girl gets married, she usually drops out of school and begins full-time work in her in-laws' household.
একটি মেয়ে বিয়ে হলে সাধারণত সে স্কুল ছাড়ে এবং শ্বশুরবাড়িতে পুরো সময়ের কাজ শুরু করে।
In the in-laws' house, she is marginalized.
শ্বশুরবাড়িতে সে অবহেলিত হয়।
She becomes vulnerable to all forms of abuse, including dowry-related violence.
সে যৌতুক-সংক্রান্ত সহিংসতাসহ সব ধরনের নির্যাতনের শিকার হওয়ার ঝুঁকিতে থাকে।
In Bangladesh, it is still common for a bride's family to pay dowry, despite the practice being illegal.
বাংলাদেশে আইনত নিষিদ্ধ হলেও এখনো কনের পরিবারকে যৌতুক দিতে হয়, যা খুব সাধারণ ঘটনা।
Dowry demands can also continue after the wedding.
বিয়ের পরেও যৌতুকের দাবি চলতে পারে।
For an adolescent bride, even if her in-laws are supportive, there are significant health risks in terms of pregnancy and childbirth.
একজন কিশোরী কনে, তার শ্বশুরবাড়ির লোকজন সহানুভূতিশীল হলেও, গর্ভধারণ ও সন্তান জন্মদানে মারাত্মক স্বাস্থ্যঝুঁকির মুখে পড়ে।
The majority of adolescent brides and their families are uninformed or insufficiently informed about reproductive health and contraception.
অধিকাংশ কিশোরী কনে ও তাদের পরিবার প্রজনন স্বাস্থ্য ও জন্মনিয়ন্ত্রণ সম্পর্কে অজ্ঞ বা অপর্যাপ্ত তথ্য জানে।
The maternal mortality rate for adolescents is double the national rate.
কিশোরী মায়েদের মাতৃমৃত্যুর হার জাতীয় গড়ের দ্বিগুণ।
v. When adolescent girls are pulled out of school, either for marriage or work, they often lose their mobility, their friends and social status.
যখন কিশোরীরা বিয়ে বা কাজের কারণে স্কুল ছাড়ে, তারা তাদের চলাফেরার স্বাধীনতা, বন্ধু ও সামাজিক অবস্থান হারায়।
The lack of mobility among adolescent girls also curtails their economic and non-formal educational opportunities.
কিশোরীদের চলাফেরার স্বাধীনতা কমে গেলে তাদের অর্থনৈতিক ও অনানুষ্ঠানিক শিক্ষার সুযোগও সীমিত হয়ে যায়।
Moreover, they lack information about health issues.
এছাড়াও, তারা স্বাস্থ্য সংক্রান্ত তথ্যের অভাবেও ভোগে।
According to a study, only about three in five adolescents have even heard of HIV.
একটি গবেষণায় দেখা গেছে, প্রতি পাঁচজন কিশোর-কিশোরীর মধ্যে মাত্র তিনজন কখনো HIV-এর নাম শুনেছে।
It is also reported that more than 50 percent of adolescent girls are undernourished and suffer from anaemia.
এছাড়া, জানা গেছে যে ৫০ শতাংশের বেশি কিশোরী অপুষ্টিতে ভোগে এবং রক্তস্বল্পতায় আক্রান্ত।
Adolescent fertility is also high in Bangladesh.
বাংলাদেশে কিশোরীদের সন্তান জন্মদানের হারও বেশি।
The contribution of the adolescent fertility rate to the total fertility rate increased from 20.3% in 1993 to 24.4% in 2007.
১৯৯৩ সালে মোট জন্মহারে কিশোরীদের সন্তান জন্মদানের হার ২০.৩% ছিল, যা ২০০৭ সালে বেড়ে ২৪.৪% হয়েছে।
Moreover, neonatal mortality is another concern for younger mothers.
এছাড়াও, নবজাতকের মৃত্যুহার কিশোরী মায়েদের জন্য আরেকটি উদ্বেগের বিষয়।
vi. While the situation for adolescent boys is somewhat better, many are vulnerable and lack the power to make decisions about their own lives.
কিশোরদের পরিস্থিতি কিছুটা ভালো হলেও, অনেকেই দুর্বল এবং নিজেদের জীবনের সিদ্ধান্ত নেওয়ার ক্ষমতা রাখে না।
Many boys who are unable to go to school, or are unemployed, remain unaware of social or health issues.
অনেক কিশোর যারা স্কুলে যেতে পারে না বা বেকার, তারা সামাজিক ও স্বাস্থ্যসংক্রান্ত বিষয়ে অসচেতন থাকে।
They are at considerable risk of being drawn into criminal activities.
তারা অপরাধমূলক কর্মকাণ্ডে জড়িয়ে পড়ার বড় ঝুঁকিতে থাকে।
They are also more likely to get exposed to drugs and alcohol.
এছাড়াও, তারা মাদক ও অ্যালকোহলের সংস্পর্শে আসার সম্ভাবনাও বেশি।
Text questions and solutions Unit Nine: Adolescence Lesson 2 Adolescence and Some (Related) Problems in Bangladesh
Multiple Choice Questions Based on the Passage
-
What does the word "vulnerability" in paragraph (ii) mean?
a) Strength
b) Exposure to harm
c) Independence
d) Security
Answer: b) Exposure to harm -
The word "marginalized" in paragraph (iv) means:
a) Given special status
b) Pushed to the edges of society
c) Protected
d) Highly valued
Answer: b) Pushed to the edges of society -
What is the meaning of "curtails" in paragraph (v)?
a) Encourages
b) Increases
c) Reduces or restricts
d) Improves
Answer: c) Reduces or restricts
-
In the sentence "The majority of adolescent brides and their families are uninformed or insufficiently informed about reproductive health and contraception." What part of speech is "uninformed"?
a) Noun
b) Verb
c) Adjective
d) Adverb
Answer: c) Adjective -
Identify the part of speech of "exclusion" in the sentence "This inequality leads to widespread practice of child marriage, marginalisation or exclusion from health, education and economic opportunities."
a) Noun
b) Verb
c) Adjective
d) Adverb
Answer: a) Noun
-
Choose the synonym of "affluent" in paragraph (iii).
a) Rich
b) Poor
c) Unfortunate
d) Ignorant
Answer: a) Rich -
What is the synonym of "subordination" in paragraph (ii)?
a) Domination
b) Obedience
c) Inferiority
d) Freedom
Answer: c) Inferiority
-
What is the antonym of "exposed" in paragraph (vi)?
a) Hidden
b) Revealed
c) Visible
d) Unprotected
Answer: a) Hidden -
Find the antonym of "common" in paragraph (iv).
a) Frequent
b) Unusual
c) Expected
d) Ordinary
Answer: b) Unusual
-
According to the passage, adolescence is a period of:
a) Increased dependence on parents
b) Transition from childhood to adulthood
c) Complete independence
d) Declining physical growth
Answer: b) Transition from childhood to adulthood -
How many adolescents are there in Bangladesh?
a) 25 million
b) 31 million
c) 35 million
d) 40 million
Answer: b) 31 million -
What percentage of adolescent girls are married before 15?
a) 20%
b) 33%
c) 50%
d) 60%
Answer: b) 33% -
What is the legal age of marriage for boys in Bangladesh?
a) 16
b) 18
c) 21
d) 25
Answer: c) 21 -
Why do adolescent girls drop out of school after marriage?
a) Lack of interest
b) To support family financially
c) To begin full-time work in in-laws’ house
d) Poor school facilities
Answer: c) To begin full-time work in in-laws’ house -
Why is dowry a major issue for adolescent brides?
a) It is legally enforced
b) It leads to financial burden and violence
c) It is a cultural practice everyone accepts
d) It helps them secure their marriage
Answer: b) It leads to financial burden and violence -
What is a major health risk for adolescent brides?
a) Poor eyesight
b) Pregnancy and childbirth complications
c) Malnutrition
d) Lack of hygiene
Answer: b) Pregnancy and childbirth complications -
What is the maternal mortality rate for adolescent girls compared to the national rate?
a) The same
b) Lower
c) Double
d) Half
Answer: c) Double -
What happens when adolescent girls lose mobility?
a) They get better education
b) They gain more social status
c) They lose economic and educational opportunities
d) They become financially independent
Answer: c) They lose economic and educational opportunities -
How many adolescent girls in Bangladesh are undernourished?
a) 30%
b) 40%
c) More than 50%
d) 70%
Answer: c) More than 50% -
What percentage of adolescents have heard of HIV?
a) 20%
b) 40%
c) 60%
d) 80%
Answer: c) 60% -
What does the passage say about adolescent boys?
a) They face no problems
b) They are completely independent
c) Some remain unaware of social and health issues
d) They are more educated than girls
Answer: c) Some remain unaware of social and health issues -
What is a major risk for unemployed adolescent boys?
a) Getting married early
b) Engaging in criminal activities
c) Being forced into child labor
d) Moving to rural areas
Answer: b) Engaging in criminal activities -
What is the trend of adolescent fertility rate in Bangladesh?
a) Decreasing
b) Increasing
c) Stable
d) Unchanged
Answer: b) Increasing -
What percentage of adolescent girls become mothers by age 19?
a) 50%
b) 55%
c) 60%
d) 70%
Answer: c) 60% -
What factor influences delayed marriage among girls?
a) Higher education
b) Lack of interest in marriage
c) Government laws
d) Family pressure
Answer: a) Higher education -
What is the main reason adolescent girls are vulnerable to violence?
a) They live in cities
b) They are financially independent
c) They face inequality and subordination
d) They marry at an older age
Answer: c) They face inequality and subordination -
What does dowry demand lead to?
a) Better marriage opportunities
b) Improved financial condition
c) Abuse and violence
d) Increased education
Answer: c) Abuse and violence -
Which group is more likely to marry later?
a) Poor families
b) Less educated girls
c) More affluent and educated girls
d) Rural girls
Answer: c) More affluent and educated girls -
Why do adolescent girls lack health information?
a) They are not interested
b) They are isolated after marriage
c) They are given too much responsibility
d) They receive education in schools
Answer: b) They are isolated after marriage -
What is a consequence of neonatal mortality?
a) Increased life expectancy
b) Higher birth rates
c) Death of newborns
d) Lower marriage rates
Answer: c) Death of newborns
Short Questions with Answers
-
How many adolescents are there in Bangladesh?
- There are more than 31 million adolescents in Bangladesh. Among them, 13.7 million are girls, and 14.3 million are boys. This large population represents a significant portion of the country's future workforce and development potential.
-
What challenges do adolescent girls face in Bangladesh?
- Adolescent girls in Bangladesh face inequality and subordination in their families and society. They are often subjected to child marriage, limited access to education and health care, and economic marginalization. Additionally, they are vulnerable to violence and sexual abuse.
-
What is the legal age of marriage in Bangladesh for boys and girls?
- In Bangladesh, the legal age of marriage is 18 for girls and 21 for boys. However, in reality, many girls are married before this age. Child marriage remains a widespread issue despite legal restrictions.
-
What happens to adolescent girls after marriage?
- After marriage, adolescent girls usually drop out of school and begin full-time work in their in-laws' households. They often face marginalization, limited mobility, and the risk of various forms of abuse, including dowry-related violence. Moreover, early pregnancy and lack of reproductive health knowledge increase their health risks.
-
What are the health risks associated with early marriage?
- Early marriage leads to significant health risks, including complications during pregnancy and childbirth. The maternal mortality rate for adolescent mothers is double the national rate. Many adolescent brides and their families are also uninformed about reproductive health and contraception.
-
What impact does child marriage have on education?
- Child marriage forces many adolescent girls to drop out of school. This not only limits their personal growth but also reduces their chances of economic independence. Lack of education further increases their vulnerability to exploitation and poverty.
-
What percentage of adolescent girls in Bangladesh are married before 15?
- About 33 percent of adolescent girls in Bangladesh are married before the age of 15. This early marriage affects their education, health, and social well-being.
-
How does adolescent fertility impact the total fertility rate in Bangladesh?
- The contribution of adolescent fertility to the total fertility rate increased from 20.3% in 1993 to 24.4% in 2007. This rise indicates that a significant number of young girls are giving birth at an early age. Early childbirth can have severe health and economic consequences for young mothers.
-
Why do adolescent girls in Bangladesh face marginalization in their in-laws' homes?
- Adolescent girls are marginalized in their in-laws' homes because they have little social or financial power. They often become dependent on their husbands and in-laws for their well-being. Additionally, cultural traditions and gender norms contribute to their subordination and lack of decision-making power.
-
Why are adolescent boys also vulnerable in Bangladesh?
- Although adolescent boys face fewer restrictions than girls, they still experience challenges such as unemployment and lack of education. Many boys who drop out of school remain unaware of important social and health issues. This makes them more susceptible to drug abuse, criminal activities, and risky behaviors.
- What is the purpose of mentioning the legal age of marriage in the passage?
- The purpose of mentioning the legal age of marriage is to highlight the gap between law and reality. Although the law sets the minimum age for marriage, a large percentage of girls are still married before reaching 18. This emphasizes the need for stronger enforcement of child marriage laws.
- Why does the passage discuss the health risks of adolescent pregnancy?
- The passage discusses the health risks of adolescent pregnancy to raise awareness about its severe consequences. Young mothers are at higher risk of maternal mortality, neonatal death, and complications during childbirth. The discussion aims to stress the importance of education and reproductive health awareness for adolescent girls.
- How does child marriage affect economic opportunities for girls?
- Child marriage significantly reduces economic opportunities for girls because it forces them to leave school early. Without education, they have fewer chances of securing well-paying jobs or financial independence. As a result, they often remain economically dependent on their husbands and families.
- What are the effects of lack of mobility on adolescent girls?
- Lack of mobility among adolescent girls limits their access to education, healthcare, and social interactions. They become isolated from friends and support networks, reducing their ability to gain knowledge and skills. This restriction also weakens their ability to participate in economic activities.
- How can improving education help reduce child marriage in Bangladesh?
- Improving education can help reduce child marriage by increasing awareness and providing better opportunities for girls. Studies show that girls with higher education tend to marry at a later age. Education empowers girls with knowledge, skills, and confidence, making them less vulnerable to early marriage and exploitation.
Adolescents are crucial for a nation's growth, shaping behaviors and lifestyles. Bangladesh has over 31 million adolescents, with girls facing inequality, child marriage, and limited access to education and health care. Despite the legal marriage age being 18 for girls, many marry early, leading to school dropout, domestic abuse, and health risks, including high maternal mortality. Adolescent girls also suffer from malnutrition and lack awareness of health issues like HIV. Early motherhood increases neonatal mortality. Boys, though in a better position, often face unemployment, lack awareness, and risk involvement in crime and substance abuse. Education and financial stability delay marriage and improve adolescent well-being. Addressing these issues is vital for national development.
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