Textbook page 55, 56, 57, 58 & 59 || Class eleven and twelve || Unit three: Myths and Literature || Lesson: 2 Icarus|| English first paper || Bangla meaning, mcq, text questions and answer || summary ||
Here are some important words from the story along with their meanings in Bangla, synonyms, and antonyms:
| Word | Meaning (Bangla) | Synonym | Antonym |
|---|---|---|---|
| Island | দ্বীপ | Islet, Atoll | Mainland |
| Fearsome | ভয়ংকর | Terrifying, Dreadful | Harmless, Calm |
| Minotaur | অর্ধমানব-অর্ধষাঁড় | Mythical beast | (No exact antonym) |
| Terrorized | আতঙ্কিত করা | Frightened, Intimidated | Comforted, Reassured |
| Architect | স্থপতি | Designer, Builder | (No exact antonym) |
| Inventor | উদ্ভাবক | Creator, Innovator | Copier, Follower |
| Intricate | জটিল | Complex, Elaborate | Simple, Easy |
| Labyrinth | গোলকধাঁধা | Maze, Puzzle | Path, Order |
| Imprisoned | বন্দী করা | Jailed, Confined | Freed, Released |
| Escaped | পালিয়ে যাওয়া | Fled, Evaded | Captured, Trapped |
| Stranded | অসহায় অবস্থায় থাকা | Isolated, Abandoned | Rescued, Saved |
| Observing | পর্যবেক্ষণ করা | Watching, Noticing | Ignoring, Overlooking |
| Inspired | অনুপ্রাণিত করা | Motivated, Encouraged | Discouraged, Deterred |
| Crafted | তৈরি করা | Built, Constructed | Destroyed, Demolished |
| Feathers | পালক | Plumes, Quills | (No exact antonym) |
| Wax | মোম | Paraffin, Beeswax | (No exact antonym) |
| Moderate | মাঝারি | Balanced, Average | Extreme, Excessive |
| Moisture | আর্দ্রতা | Dampness, Wetness | Dryness, Aridity |
| Overwhelmed | অভিভূত | Engulfed, Stunned | Unaffected, Unmoved |
| Excitement | উত্তেজনা | Thrill, Elation | Boredom, Dullness |
| Soared | উড়াল দেওয়া | Flew, Ascended | Fell, Descended |
| Forgot | ভুলে যাওয়া | Neglected, Overlooked | Remembered, Recalled |
| Melted | গলিয়ে যাওয়া | Liquefied, Dissolved | Solidified, Hardened |
| Plummeted | নিচে পড়ে যাওয়া | Dropped, Fell | Rose, Ascended |
| Helplessly | অসহায়ভাবে | Powerlessly, Weakly | Strongly, Confidently |
| Devastated | বিধ্বস্ত | Shattered, Heartbroken | Relieved, Comforted |
| Tragic | করুণ | Sad, Miserable | Happy, Joyful |
| Fate | ভাগ্য | Destiny, Fortune | Choice, Free will |
| Mourned | শোক প্রকাশ করা | Grieved, Lamented | Celebrated, Rejoiced |
| Memory | স্মৃতি | Remembrance, Recollection | Forgetfulness, Oblivion |
নিচে প্রতিটি লাইন অনুসারে ইংরেজি পাঠ্যের বাংলা অনুবাদ দেওয়া হলো:
On the island of Crete, the fearsome Minotaur, a creature that was half-man and half-bull, terrorized the inhabitants.
ক্রীট দ্বীপে, ভয়ঙ্কর মিনোটর, একটি প্রাণী যা অর্ধেক মানুষ এবং অর্ধেক ষাঁড় ছিল, দ্বীপের বাসিন্দাদের আতঙ্কিত করত।
To contain the beast, King Minos enlisted the help of Daedalus, a masterful architect and inventor.
এই দানবকে বশে আনতে, রাজা মিনোস দক্ষ স্থপতি এবং উদ্ভাবক ডেডালাসের সাহায্য নিলেন।
Daedalus constructed an intricate labyrinth so complex that escape was nearly impossible.
ডেডালাস এত জটিল একটি গোলকধাঁধা তৈরি করলেন, যা থেকে পালানো প্রায় অসম্ভব ছিল।
Once the Minotaur was imprisoned within the maze, King Minos believed he had the perfect trap for his enemies, who would be sent into the labyrinth to meet a gruesome end.
যখন মিনোটরকে এই গোলকধাঁধার ভেতরে বন্দি করা হলো, তখন রাজা মিনোস বিশ্বাস করলেন যে এটি তার শত্রুদের জন্য একটি নিখুঁত ফাঁদ হবে, যাদের এই গোলকধাঁধায় পাঠিয়ে নির্মম মৃত্যু দেওয়া হবে।
However, King Minos, no longer needing Daedalus, cruelly imprisoned the inventor and his son, Icarus, within the same labyrinth.
তবে, রাজা মিনোস যখন আর ডেডালাসের প্রয়োজন অনুভব করলেন না, তখন তিনি নির্মমভাবে এই উদ্ভাবক এবং তার ছেলে ইকারুসকে একই গোলকধাঁধার ভেতরে বন্দি করে দিলেন।
Yet, Daedalus, familiar with the labyrinth's design, managed to escape with Icarus.
তবে, ডেডালাস যেহেতু এই গোলকধাঁধার নকশার সাথে পরিচিত ছিলেন, তাই তিনি তার ছেলে ইকারুসকে নিয়ে পালাতে সক্ষম হলেন।
After fleeing, they found themselves stranded on the island with no means of escape by sea.
পালানোর পর, তারা দেখলেন যে তারা দ্বীপেই আটকে আছেন, এবং সমুদ্রপথে পালানোর কোনো উপায় নেই।
Observing the birds flying above, Daedalus was inspired to craft wings from feathers and wax for himself and his son.
উপরে উড়ন্ত পাখিদের লক্ষ্য করে, ডেডালাস অনুপ্রাণিত হলেন এবং নিজে ও তার ছেলের জন্য পালক ও মোম দিয়ে পাখা তৈরি করলেন।
He warned Icarus to fly at a moderate height—too close to the sea, and the wings would become heavy with moisture; too close to the sun, and the wax would melt.
তিনি ইকারুসকে সতর্ক করলেন যেন সে মাঝামাঝি উচ্চতায় উড়ে—যদি সে খুব নিচু দিয়ে উড়ে, তাহলে তার পাখা সাগরের আর্দ্রতায় ভারী হয়ে যাবে; আর যদি সে খুব ওপরে উঠে, তাহলে সূর্যের তাপে মোম গলে যাবে।
Initially, Icarus heeded his father's advice, but soon, overwhelmed by the excitement of the flight, he soared higher and higher, forgetting the warning.
প্রথমে ইকারুস তার বাবার উপদেশ মেনে চলল, কিন্তু শীঘ্রই, উড়ার আনন্দে অভিভূত হয়ে, সে আরও উপরে উঠতে লাগল এবং সতর্কবার্তাটি ভুলে গেল।
As he ascended, the sun's heat melted the wax binding his wings.
যেমনই সে ওপরে উঠল, সূর্যের তাপে তার পাখার মোম গলে যেতে লাগল।
Helplessly, Icarus plummeted into the sea and drowned, leaving Daedalus to fly on alone, devastated by his son's tragic fate.
অসহায়ভাবে, ইকারুস সাগরে পড়ে গেল এবং ডুবে মারা গেল, আর ডেডালাসকে একা উড়তে হলো, তার ছেলের করুণ পরিণতিতে বিধ্বস্ত হয়ে।
He eventually reached Sicily, where he mourned Icarus and named the sea where his son fell the Icarian Sea in his memory.
শেষ পর্যন্ত তিনি সিসিলিতে পৌঁছালেন, যেখানে তিনি ইকারুসের জন্য শোক প্রকাশ করলেন এবং যেখানে তার ছেলে পড়েছিল, সেই সমুদ্রকে ইকারিয়ান সাগর নামে অভিহিত করলেন, তার স্মরণে।
Here is the correct matching of Column A with Column B:
- terrorize → (j) to make someone feel very frightened by threatening to kill or hurt them
- masterful → (g) having great skill in a particular job or activity, or something produced with such skill
- intricate → (d) having a lot of small parts that are arranged in a complicated or delicate way
- labyrinth → (e) a complicated irregular network of passages or paths in which it is difficult to find one's way, a maze
- gruesome → (c) extremely unpleasant and shocking, and usually dealing with death or injury
- stranded → (b) leave (someone) without the means to move from somewhere
- heed → (a) to pay attention to something, especially advice or a warning
- overwhelm → (h) to overcome by superior force or numbers; to be too much to deal with
- ascend → (i) rise or move up through the air
- plummet → (f) fall or drop straight down at high speed
Here are the correct answers for the blanks:
Daedalus was inspired by watching (a) birds fly and used (b) feathers and (c) wax to craft wings for himself and his son. He warned Icarus to avoid flying too (d) close to the sea, where the wings would become heavy, or too (e) close to the sun, where the (f) wax would melt. Despite following the advice initially, Icarus eventually flew too high, and the heat caused the wax to (g) melt. Icarus then fell into the (h) sea and drowned. Daedalus continued his journey to (i) Sicily, mourning his son, and named the sea after him, the (j) Icarian Sea.
E. Answer the following questions:
i. How did Daedalus and Icarus try to escape from the island?
ii. How did Daedalus come up with the idea to build wings?
iii. What advice did Daedalus give to Icarus before flying?
iv. Why did Icarus fly too close to the sun?
v. How did Daedalus feel after Icarus' death?
Answer Question No E
Here are the answers to the questions based on the passage:
i. How did Daedalus and Icarus try to escape from the island?
Daedalus and Icarus tried to escape from the island by crafting wings made of feathers and wax.
ii. How did Daedalus come up with the idea to build wings?
Daedalus was inspired by observing birds flying above, which led him to create wings for himself and his son.
iii. What advice did Daedalus give to Icarus before flying?
Daedalus advised Icarus to fly at a moderate height—neither too close to the sea, where the wings could become heavy with moisture, nor too close to the sun, where the wax binding the wings would melt.
iv. Why did Icarus fly too close to the sun?
Icarus, overwhelmed by the excitement of flying, ignored his father's warning and soared higher and higher, which caused the sun's heat to melt the wax holding his wings together.
v. How did Daedalus feel after Icarus' death?
Daedalus was devastated by his son's tragic fate and mourned him deeply. He later named the sea where Icarus fell the Icarian Sea in his memory.
Answer to Question No. F
Jorge Luis Borges' Labyrinths is a collection of short stories that explore complex and often paradoxical themes, much like the concept of a labyrinth itself. His writings in this book likely focus on intricate and mind-bending ideas such as infinity, time loops, hidden meanings, and the search for knowledge. Borges often used metaphors of mazes and mirrors to explore the nature of reality, free will, and identity. His stories frequently challenge the reader’s perception of truth, blending philosophy, literature, and metaphysics into a web of interwoven narratives—just like a labyrinth where one can easily get lost.
Answer to the Painting-related Questions:
i. What animals do you see in the painting? Where are they?
You can see a horse pulling a plow, a sheep near a shepherd, and birds in the sky. The horse is in the foreground, while the sheep and birds are scattered throughout the painting.
ii. Can you point out some of the activities visible in the painting?
A farmer is plowing a field, a shepherd is watching his flock, a fisherman is casting his line into the sea, and a ship is sailing in the distance. These everyday activities contrast with the tragedy of Icarus' fall.
iii. Can you find out where Icarus is in the painting?
Icarus is barely noticeable in the lower right corner of the painting. Only his legs are visible as he plunges into the sea, emphasizing how insignificant his tragedy seems to the people around him.
Here are some important words from the poem "Landscape with the Fall of Icarus" by William Carlos Williams, along with their meanings in Bangla, synonyms, and antonyms:
| Word | Meaning (Bangla) | Synonym | Antonym |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fall | পতন, পড়ে যাওয়া | Drop, descent | Rise, ascent |
| Spring | বসন্ত, নবজীবনের ঋতু | Vernal season, bloom | Autumn, decline |
| Farmer | কৃষক | Agriculturist, peasant | Urban dweller |
| Ploughing | চাষাবাদ করা | Tilling, cultivating | Neglecting, abandoning |
| Field | ক্ষেত, মাঠ | Meadow, pasture | City, town |
| Pageantry | জমকালো প্রদর্শনী | Spectacle, grandeur | Simplicity, plainness |
| Year | বছর | Annual cycle, period | Moment, instant |
| Awake | জাগ্রত, সজাগ | Alert, conscious | Asleep, unconscious |
| Tingling | ঝনঝন অনুভূতি | Prickling, buzzing | Numbness, dullness |
| Edge | প্রান্ত, কিনারা | Border, boundary | Center, middle |
| Sea | সমুদ্র | Ocean, water body | Land, desert |
| Concerned | উদ্বিগ্ন, মনোযোগী | Worried, attentive | Indifferent, careless |
| Sweating | ঘাম ঝরানো | Perspiring, laboring | Resting, relaxing |
| Sun | সূর্য | Star, daylight | Moon, darkness |
| Melted | গলে যাওয়া | Dissolved, liquefied | Solidified, frozen |
| Wings | পাখা | Feathers, appendages | Grounded, flightless |
| Wax | মোম | Paraffin, polish | Ash, soot |
| Unsignificantly | গুরুত্বহীনভাবে | Inconsequentially, trivially | Importantly, meaningfully |
| Splash | জলের ছিটা | Splatter, sprinkle | Dryness, absorption |
| Drowning | ডুবে যাওয়া | Sinking, submerging | Floating, resurfacing |
William Carlos Williams-এর "Landscape with the Fall of Icarus" কবিতার লাইন-বাই-লাইন বাংলা অর্থ
According to Brueghel
ব্রুগেলের মতে
when Icarus fell
যখন ইকারাস পড়ে গেল
it was spring
তখন বসন্ত ছিল
a farmer was ploughing
একজন কৃষক মাঠ চাষ করছিল
his field
তার নিজস্ব জমি
the whole pageantry
সমস্ত জাঁকজমকপূর্ণ দৃশ্য
of the year was
বছরের যা কিছু ছিল
awake tingling
জাগ্রত ও স্পন্দিত
near
কাছাকাছি
the edge of the sea
সমুদ্রের কিনারায়
concerned
নিজের ব্যাপারে ব্যস্ত
with itself
নিজেকে নিয়েই
sweating in the sun
রোদে ঘামছিল
that melted
যে সূর্যের তাপে গলে গিয়েছিল
the wings' wax
ডানার মোম
unsignificantly
তুচ্ছভাবে
off the coast
সমুদ্রের উপকূলে
there was
সেখানে ছিল
a splash quite unnoticed
একটি ছপাৎ শব্দ, যা কেউ খেয়ালই করল না
this was
এটাই ছিল
Icarus drowning
ইকারাসের ডুবে যাওয়া
কবিতার সারসংক্ষেপ:
এই কবিতায় উইলিয়াম কার্লোস উইলিয়ামস ব্রুগেলের আঁকা Landscape with the Fall of Icarus চিত্রকর্ম থেকে অনুপ্রাণিত হয়ে ইকারাসের পতনের এক নতুন ব্যাখ্যা উপস্থাপন করেছেন। কবিতায় বোঝানো হয়েছে যে, যখন ইকারাস সমুদ্রের পানিতে পড়ে গেল, তখন চারপাশের প্রকৃতি ও সাধারণ মানুষ তাদের দৈনন্দিন কাজে ব্যস্ত ছিল। বসন্তকালীন কৃষক তার মাঠ চাষ করছিল, সমুদ্র নিজস্ব ছন্দে ছিল, সূর্যের তাপে সবকিছু উত্তপ্ত হচ্ছিল—কিন্তু কেউ ইকারাসের পতনকে গুরুত্ব দিল না। কবি এই ঘটনাকে "unsignificantly" (তুচ্ছভাবে) বলেছেন, যা ইকারাসের দুর্ভাগ্যকে আরও করুণ করে তুলেছে।
এটি বোঝায় যে প্রকৃতি ও মানবসমাজের বড় চিত্রে ব্যক্তিগত ট্র্যাজেডি কখনো কখনো খুবই নগণ্য হয়ে যায়।
Five Principal Verbs from the Poem and Sentences:
-
Fell – Icarus fell from the sky as the sun melted the wax on his wings.
Sentence: The bird fell from the tree after its wing was injured. -
Ploughing – The farmer was ploughing his field as Icarus fell.
Sentence: The farmer was ploughing the field early in the morning. -
Awake – The whole year was awake, implying the season of spring was alive.
Sentence: The flowers awake at the first light of dawn. -
Melted – The sun melted the wax on Icarus’ wings, causing them to disintegrate.
Sentence: The ice melted quickly under the warm sunlight. -
Unnoticed – Icarus' fall was unnoticed by those around him.
Sentence: His efforts went unnoticed by his colleagues during the meeting.
J. Answer the questions below:1. What is the man doing in the field?2. Where is the farmer's field located?3. What happens to Icarus' wings?4. What kind of a day is presented here?5. What is the poet's major focus here: the fall/ the activities/ indifference of others towards the fall? Why do you think so?
Answer Question No. J
Answers to the Questions:
-
What is the man doing in the field?
The man is ploughing his field. -
Where is the farmer's field located?
The farmer’s field is located near the edge of the sea. -
What happens to Icarus' wings?
The sun melts the wax on Icarus' wings, causing them to fall apart. -
What kind of a day is presented here?
The poem presents a spring day, full of activity and life, but with an undertone of indifference to Icarus' tragic fate. -
What is the poet's major focus here: the fall/ the activities/ indifference of others towards the fall? Why do you think so?
The poet’s major focus is the indifference of others toward the fall. This is reflected in the line where Icarus' fall is described as "unsignificantly" and "unnoticed." The focus on the ordinary, mundane activities of the people around Icarus, such as the farmer ploughing his field, highlights how the tragedy goes unnoticed in the larger picture of daily life.
In William Carlos Williams' poem Landscape with the Fall of Icarus, the fall of Icarus is presented not as a moment of intense drama, but as a seemingly insignificant event that goes unnoticed by the world around it. The poem references the famous painting by Bruegel, where Icarus' fall is depicted as a small splash in the sea, far from the attention of others. While the myth of Icarus traditionally highlights his tragic demise after flying too close to the sun, Williams shifts the focus to the ordinary life that continues despite the tragedy. The farmer, engrossed in ploughing his field, and the world around him—alive with spring—carry on without acknowledging Icarus' death. Through this contrast, the poem explores themes of human indifference, the fleeting nature of individual suffering, and the relentless forward motion of life, regardless of personal tragedy. It portrays how life continues undisturbed, indifferent to individual struggles.
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