Martin Luther King Jr. Unit Four: History Lesson 1 :Three Speeches ||Textbook page 71, 72, 73,74,75 & 76 || Class eleven and twelve || English first paper || word meaning, Line by line Bangla meaning , short questions and multiple choice questions and solutions, summary ||
Here are some important English words from the excerpt, along with their meanings in Bangla, synonyms, and antonyms:
| Word | Meaning (Bangla) | Synonym | Antonym |
|---|---|---|---|
| Free | মুক্ত, স্বাধীন | Liberated, Independent | Enslaved, Restricted |
| Crippled | বিকলাঙ্গ, পঙ্গু | Disabled, Weakened | Strengthened, Healed |
| Manacles | হাতকড়া, শৃঙ্খল | Shackles, Chains | Freedom, Liberation |
| Segregation | বিচ্ছিন্নতা | Separation, Isolation | Integration, Unification |
| Discrimination | বৈষম্য | Prejudice, Bias | Equality, Fairness |
| Languishing | দুর্বল হয়ে পড়া | Weakening, Suffering | Thriving, Flourishing |
| Exile | নির্বাসন | Banishment, Deportation | Inclusion, Citizenship |
| Dramatize | নাটকীয়ভাবে উপস্থাপন | Emphasize, Exaggerate | Understate, Minimize |
| Creed | ধর্মবিশ্বাস | Belief, Faith | Disbelief, Atheism |
| Justice | ন্যায়বিচার | Fairness, Equity | Injustice, Bias |
| Brotherhood | ভ্রাতৃত্ব | Fraternity, Unity | Enmity, Hostility |
| Oppression | নিপীড়ন | Tyranny, Suppression | Freedom, Liberation |
| Injustice | অন্যায় | Wrongdoing, Unfairness | Justice, Fairness |
| Character | চরিত্র | Integrity, Nature | Dishonor, Corruption |
| Vicious | নিষ্ঠুর | Cruel, Evil | Kind, Benevolent |
| Racist | জাতিবিদ্বেষী | Bigot, Supremacist | Egalitarian, Fair-minded |
| Exalted | উচ্চতর | Elevated, Noble | Lowly, Inferior |
| Struggle | সংগ্রাম | Fight, Effort | Surrender, Ease |
| Despair | হতাশা | Hopelessness, Misery | Hope, Optimism |
| Hope | আশা | Aspiration, Expectation | Despair, Pessimism |
| Faith | বিশ্বাস | Confidence, Trust | Doubt, Skepticism |
| Freedom | স্বাধীনতা | Liberty, Independence | Bondage, Captivity |
| Symphony | সুরের মিল | Harmony, Melody | Discord, Dissonance |
| Transform | পরিবর্তন করা | Change, Convert | Preserve, Maintain |
| Mountain | পর্বত | Peak, Summit | Valley, Lowland |
| Valley | উপত্যকা | Hollow, Basin | Hill, Mountain |
| Reveal | প্রকাশ করা | Disclose, Unveil | Conceal, Hide |
| Struggle | লড়াই করা | Fight, Battle | Yield, Surrender |
| Unite | একত্রিত করা | Join, Merge | Divide, Separate |
| Ring | বাজানো | Resonate, Echo | Silence, Mute |
| Liberty | মুক্তি | Freedom, Independence | Captivity, Restraint |
| Justice | ন্যায়বিচার | Fairness, Equity | Injustice, Corruption |
| Oppression | নিপীড়ন | Persecution, Tyranny | Liberation, Relief |
| Equality | সমতা | Fairness, Parity | Inequality, Disparity |
| Brotherhood | ভ্রাতৃত্ব | Fraternity, Unity | Rivalry, Enmity |
| Glorious | মহিমান্বিত | Splendid, Magnificent | Shameful, Disgraceful |
| Victory | বিজয় | Triumph, Success | Defeat, Failure |
| Mighty | শক্তিশালী | Powerful, Strong | Weak, Feeble |
| Hopeful | আশাবাদী | Optimistic, Positive | Hopeless, Desperate |
| Harmony | ঐক্য | Concord, Peace | Conflict, Discord |
নিচে দেওয়া হলো প্রতিটি লাইনের বাংলা অনুবাদ:
"The Negro is still not free.... the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination...."
নিগ্রোরা এখনও মুক্ত নয়... নিগ্রোদের জীবন এখনও করুণভাবে বিভক্তির হাতকড়া ও বৈষম্যের শৃঙ্খলে বন্দী...
"The Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity."
নিগ্রোরা বসবাস করছে দারিদ্র্যের একটি একাকী দ্বীপে, যেখানে চারপাশে আছে বস্তুগত সমৃদ্ধির বিশাল মহাসাগর।
"The Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land."
নিগ্রোরা এখনও আমেরিকান সমাজের কোণায় কোণায় অবহেলিত, যেন তারা নিজেদের দেশেই নির্বাসিত।
"So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition...."
তাই আমরা আজ এখানে এসেছি এই লজ্জাজনক অবস্থার চিত্র তুলে ধরতে...
"I say to you today, my friends, so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream."
আজ আমি আপনাদের বলছি, আমার বন্ধুদের, যদিও আমরা আজ ও আগামী দিনের কঠিন পরিস্থিতির মুখোমুখি, তবুও আমার একটি স্বপ্ন আছে।
"It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream."
এটি এমন একটি স্বপ্ন যা গভীরভাবে আমেরিকান স্বপ্নের সঙ্গে সংযুক্ত।
"I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: 'We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.'"
আমার একটি স্বপ্ন আছে যে একদিন এই জাতি জেগে উঠবে এবং তাদের মূল বিশ্বাসের প্রকৃত অর্থ অনুসারে চলবে: 'আমরা এই সত্যগুলোকে স্বতঃসিদ্ধ বলে মানি যে, সব মানুষ সমানভাবে সৃষ্টি হয়েছে।'
"I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood."
আমার একটি স্বপ্ন আছে যে একদিন জর্জিয়ার লাল পাহাড়গুলোর ওপরে, সাবেক দাসদের সন্তান ও সাবেক দাস-মালিকদের সন্তানরা ভ্রাতৃত্বের এক টেবিলে একসঙ্গে বসতে পারবে।
"I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice."
আমার একটি স্বপ্ন আছে যে একদিন মিসিসিপি রাজ্য, যা বর্তমানে অন্যায়ের উত্তাপে দগ্ধ, যা নির্যাতনের জ্বালায় পুড়ছে, সেটি একদিন স্বাধীনতা ও ন্যায়বিচারের মরূদ্যানে পরিণত হবে।
"I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the colour of their skin but by the content of their character."
আমার একটি স্বপ্ন আছে যে একদিন আমার চারটি ছোট সন্তান এমন একটি দেশে বসবাস করবে যেখানে তাদের বিচার করা হবে না তাদের ত্বকের রঙ দেখে, বরং তাদের চরিত্রের গুণাবলি দেখে।
"I have a dream today."
আজ আমার একটি স্বপ্ন আছে।
"I have a dream that one day down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of 'interposition' and 'nullification', that one day right down in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers."
আমার একটি স্বপ্ন আছে যে একদিন আলাবামায়, যেখানে এখনো দুষ্ট বর্ণবাদী রয়েছে, যেখানে গভর্নরের মুখে এখনো 'বিচ্ছিন্নতা' ও 'অগ্রাহ্যতা'র কথা ঝরছে, সেখানেই একদিন ছোট ছোট কালো ছেলে ও মেয়েরা ছোট ছোট সাদা ছেলে ও মেয়েদের সাথে হাত মেলাবে এবং ভাই-বোনের মতো থাকবে।
"I have a dream today."
আজ আমার একটি স্বপ্ন আছে।
"I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, 'and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together.'"
আমার একটি স্বপ্ন আছে যে একদিন প্রতিটি উপত্যকা উচ্চ হয়ে উঠবে, প্রতিটি পাহাড় ও পর্বত নিচু হবে, এবড়োখেবড়ো স্থান মসৃণ হবে, আর বাঁকা পথ সোজা হয়ে যাবে, "এবং তখন প্রভুর মহিমা প্রকাশ পাবে এবং সমস্ত মানুষ একসঙ্গে তা দেখবে।"
"This is our hope. This is the faith that I will go back to the South with."
এটাই আমাদের আশা। এটাই সেই বিশ্বাস যা নিয়ে আমি দক্ষিণে ফিরে যাব।
"With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope."
এই বিশ্বাস নিয়ে আমরা হতাশার পাহাড় থেকে আশার পাথর খুঁজে বের করতে পারব।
"With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood."
এই বিশ্বাস নিয়ে আমরা আমাদের জাতির বিশৃঙ্খল অসঙ্গতিগুলোকে এক সুন্দর ভ্রাতৃত্বের সুরে পরিণত করতে পারব।
"With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day."
এই বিশ্বাস নিয়ে আমরা একসঙ্গে কাজ করব, একসঙ্গে প্রার্থনা করব, একসঙ্গে সংগ্রাম করব, একসঙ্গে জেলে যাব, একসঙ্গে স্বাধীনতার জন্য দাঁড়াব, এই বিশ্বাস নিয়ে যে একদিন আমরা মুক্ত হব।
"And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true."
যদি আমেরিকা সত্যিই একটি মহান জাতি হতে চায়, তবে এটি অবশ্যই সত্য হতে হবে।
"So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire."
তাহলে স্বাধীনতার ঘণ্টা বাজুক নিউ হ্যাম্পশায়ারের বিশাল পাহাড়চূড়ায়।
"Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York."
স্বাধীনতার ঘণ্টা বাজুক নিউ ইয়র্কের মহৎ পর্বতমালায়।
"Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania."
স্বাধীনতার ঘণ্টা বাজুক পেনসিলভানিয়ার উচ্চমর্যাদাসম্পন্ন আলেগানি পর্বতশ্রেণিতে।
"Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi. From every mountainside, let freedom ring."
স্বাধীনতার ঘণ্টা বাজুক মিসিসিপির প্রতিটি পাহাড় ও টিলায়। প্রতিটি পর্বতের গায়ে, স্বাধীনতার ঘণ্টা বাজুক।
"And when this happens, and when we allow freedom to ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual."
এবং যখন এটি ঘটবে, যখন আমরা স্বাধীনতার ঘণ্টা বাজতে দেব, যখন এটি প্রতিটি গ্রাম ও জনপদ থেকে বাজবে, প্রতিটি রাজ্য ও শহর থেকে বাজবে, তখন আমরা সেই দিনটিকে ত্বরান্বিত করতে পারব, যখন ঈশ্বরের সমস্ত সন্তান—কালো ও সাদা মানুষ, ইহুদি ও খ্রিস্টান, প্রোটেস্ট্যান্ট ও ক্যাথলিক—হাত মেলাবে এবং পুরনো নিগ্রো আধ্যাত্মিক গানের সুরে গাইবে...
"'Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!'"
"অবশেষে মুক্ত! অবশেষে মুক্ত! সর্বশক্তিমান ঈশ্বরকে ধন্যবাদ, আমরা অবশেষে মুক্ত!"
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) Based on the Passage
-
What does the word "molehill" most likely mean in the passage?
a) A small hill or mound
b) A deep valley
c) A large mountain
d) A type of tree -
What does the word "hamlet" refer to in the passage?
a) A religious book
b) A small village
c) A type of river
d) A mountain peak -
What does "ring" mean in the phrase "Let freedom ring"?
a) A circular object
b) To make a sound or be heard
c) To surround something
d) To get engaged -
What is the meaning of "speed up" in the sentence "we will be able to speed up that day"?
a) To slow down
b) To make something happen faster
c) To remove something
d) To delay something -
What does "allow" mean in the phrase "when we allow freedom to ring"?
a) To prevent
b) To permit
c) To destroy
d) To question -
In the passage, "join hands" means:
a) To physically hold hands
b) To unite and work together
c) To separate from others
d) To fight each other -
What does "Negro spiritual" refer to in the passage?
a) A type of government
b) A religious song from African American culture
c) A written poem
d) A protest speech -
In the phrase "Thank God Almighty," what does "Almighty" mean?
a) Extremely powerful
b) Unimportant
c) Frightened
d) Weak -
What does "Protestant" refer to in the passage?
a) A political leader
b) A religious group within Christianity
c) A social movement
d) A type of government -
What is the meaning of "gentiles" in the passage?
a) People who are not Jewish
b) People who practice Judaism
c) A group of Protestants
d) A type of hill
Comprehension-Based Questions
-
What is the main theme of the passage?
a) The importance of war
b) The unity and freedom of all people
c) The need for new government leaders
d) The role of mountains in history -
Which group of people is the passage advocating freedom for?
a) Only white men
b) Only black men
c) All people, regardless of race or religion
d) Only Protestants and Catholics -
What does the passage suggest about the future?
a) That freedom will never be achieved
b) That unity among people will bring freedom
c) That only one race should have freedom
d) That freedom is unnecessary -
Why does the author mention different religious and racial groups?
a) To emphasize the need for division
b) To show that freedom should be for all
c) To prove that some people are better than others
d) To support religious conflict -
The phrase "Let freedom ring" is a call for:
a) Silence
b) Celebration
c) War
d) Equal rights for all -
According to the passage, when will true freedom be achieved?
a) When people unite despite their differences
b) When only one race has power
c) When religious groups separate
d) When mountains disappear -
What does the passage suggest about singing the old Negro spiritual?
a) It is a symbol of unity and freedom
b) It is meant to divide people
c) It is irrelevant to freedom
d) It is only for one group of people -
What role does religion play in the passage?
a) It divides people
b) It is a symbol of unity among different faiths
c) It is not mentioned at all
d) It encourages conflict -
What does the phrase "speed up that day" imply?
a) That freedom should be delayed
b) That people should work toward freedom quickly
c) That time should be slowed down
d) That only certain people deserve freedom -
What is the tone of the passage?
a) Angry and resentful
b) Hopeful and inspiring
c) Depressed and sad
d) Indifferent and uninterested
Analysis-Based Questions
-
Why does the author mention different geographic features like "mountainside" and "hill"?
a) To suggest that freedom should be everywhere
b) To talk about nature
c) To explain where protests happen
d) To describe the land -
The phrase "we are free at last" expresses:
a) Joy and celebration
b) Fear of freedom
c) Opposition to freedom
d) A call for war -
How does repetition contribute to the message of the passage?
a) It makes the speech less effective
b) It emphasizes the importance of unity and freedom
c) It confuses the reader
d) It changes the meaning of the passage -
The phrase "all of God's children" refers to:
a) Only religious people
b) All human beings
c) A specific racial group
d) Only political leaders -
What does the passage suggest about racial and religious differences?
a) They should divide people
b) They should not matter when it comes to freedom
c) One group is superior
d) Only certain groups deserve freedom -
The passage is most likely from which historical speech?
a) Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address
b) Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech
c) A speech by George Washington
d) A religious sermon -
The phrase "Thank God Almighty" shows that the speaker believes:
a) Freedom is a divine blessing
b) Freedom is unnecessary
c) Religion is unrelated to freedom
d) Freedom should be denied to some -
The passage encourages:
a) Hope and unity
b) Fear and separation
c) Anger and resentment
d) Political rivalry -
The speaker's vision of freedom includes:
a) Only one group of people
b) All people regardless of race and religion
c) Only religious groups
d) Only political leaders -
The passage suggests that freedom:
a) Should be universal
b) Is only for a select few
c) Is not important
d) Can only be given by the government
Answers
-
a) A small hill or mound
-
b) A small village
-
b) To make a sound or be heard
-
b) To make something happen faster
-
b) To permit
-
b) To unite and work together
-
b) A religious song from African American culture
-
a) Extremely powerful
-
b) A religious group within Christianity
-
a) People who are not Jewish
-
b) The unity and freedom of all people
-
c) All people, regardless of race or religion
-
b) That unity among people will bring freedom
-
b) To show that freedom should be for all
-
d) Equal rights for all
-
a) When people unite despite their differences
-
a) It is a symbol of unity and freedom
-
b) It is a symbol of unity among different faiths
-
b) That people should work toward freedom quickly
-
b) Hopeful and inspiring
-
a) To suggest that freedom should be everywhere
-
a) Joy and celebration
-
b) It emphasizes the importance of unity and freedom
-
b) All human beings
-
b) They should not matter when it comes to freedom
-
b) Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech
-
a) Freedom is a divine blessing
-
a) Hope and unity
-
b) All people regardless of race and religion
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a) Should be universal
Here are Some short questions with answers based on the abridged excerpt from Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech:
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What does "Let freedom ring" symbolize in the speech?
"Let freedom ring" symbolizes the universal call for justice, equality, and civil rights for all people. It represents the hope that freedom will reach every corner of America, ensuring that no one is left behind. -
Why does King mention different geographical locations like Mississippi and mountainsides?
He mentions these places to emphasize that freedom should reach all parts of the country, including areas with a history of racial oppression. By listing diverse locations, he stresses that justice should be universal. -
What does King mean by "when we allow freedom to ring"?
He means that when society fully embraces equality and justice for all, true freedom will be realized. This requires active effort from people to eliminate racial discrimination. -
Who are "God's children" in the speech?
"God's children" refers to all human beings, regardless of race, religion, or background. King emphasizes that everyone deserves freedom and equality. -
Why does King include different religious groups like Jews, Protestants, and Catholics?
He includes different religious groups to highlight unity and the idea that the struggle for freedom is not limited to one race or faith. He wants to show that justice is a shared human goal. -
What is the significance of joining hands in the speech?
Joining hands symbolizes unity, peace, and reconciliation among people of all races and backgrounds. It represents the vision of an America free from racial divisions. -
Why does King reference an "old Negro spiritual"?
He references it because spirituals were songs of hope and resistance for enslaved African Americans. The phrase "Free at last" expresses the ultimate dream of liberation. -
What is the meaning of "Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!"?
It expresses the joy and gratitude that will come when racial oppression ends. It envisions a future where all people experience true freedom and dignity. -
How does King's speech encourage hope?
His speech inspires hope by painting a vision of a future where equality prevails. He reassures people that justice will come if they continue fighting for it. -
What role does religion play in the speech?
Religion plays a significant role by providing moral authority to the call for justice. King, as a preacher, uses faith to inspire people to believe in equality. -
Why does King use repetition, such as "let freedom ring"?
Repetition emphasizes key ideas and makes the message more powerful and memorable. It reinforces the urgency of his call for justice. -
How does the speech promote unity among different racial and religious groups?
The speech promotes unity by including people of all races and faiths in the vision of freedom. King argues that justice benefits everyone, not just one group. -
What emotions does King try to evoke in his audience?
He evokes emotions of hope, determination, and inspiration. His words encourage people to believe that change is possible and worth fighting for. -
Why is the phrase "speed up that day" important?
It suggests urgency and the need for immediate action. King does not want people to wait passively for freedom; he wants them to fight for it now. -
What is the overall message of this excerpt?
The message is that true freedom must be extended to all people, regardless of race or religion. King envisions a future where unity, justice, and equality prevail.
Summary of the passage
Martin Luther King Jr.’s speech highlights the severe discrimination and segregation that Black Americans face, describing their existence as one of poverty and isolation amid national wealth. Despite these harsh realities, he shares his powerful dream for a future where all people, regardless of skin color, live together in harmony and equality. He envisions a nation that truly honors its founding promise—that all men are created equal—and where even regions known for deep-rooted racism transform into lands of justice. Using vivid imagery and repeated phrases, King inspires hope and unity, urging everyone to work together so that freedom and equality will finally ring out across the entire country. This speech calls on people to stand up for their rights and to join in the struggle for a just society.
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