Textbook page 34,35, 36, 37, 38, 39, & 40 || Class eleven and twelve || Unit Two: Art and Craft Lesson 2 Folk Music|| Bangla meaning, mcq, short questions and summary ||
Here are some important words from the passage with their meanings in Bangla, along with synonyms and antonyms where applicable:
| Word | Meaning (Bangla) | Synonym | Antonym |
|---|---|---|---|
| Folk | লোকগীতি | Traditional, Rural | Modern, Urban |
| Music | সঙ্গীত | Melody, Harmony | Noise, Silence |
| Community | সম্প্রদায় | Society, Group | Individual, Isolation |
| Heritage | ঐতিহ্য | Legacy, Tradition | Modernity, Innovation |
| Secular | ধর্মনিরপেক্ষ | Non-religious, Neutral | Religious, Sacred |
| Ancient | প্রাচীন | Old, Archaic | Modern, Contemporary |
| Expression | অভিব্যক্তি | Articulation, Declaration | Suppression, Silence |
| Arrangement | বিন্যাস | Organization, Setup | Disorder, Chaos |
| Combination | সংমিশ্রণ | Mixture, Fusion | Separation, Division |
| Tune | সুর | Melody, Harmony | Dissonance, Discord |
| Traditional | ঐতিহ্যবাহী | Conventional, Customary | Modern, Contemporary |
| Ordinary | সাধারণ | Regular, Typical | Extraordinary, Unique |
| Baul | বাউল | Mystic Singer | - |
| Rural | গ্রামীণ | Countryside, Rustic | Urban, City |
| Rule | নিয়ম | Regulation, Guideline | Chaos, Anarchy |
| Oral | মৌখিক | Verbal, Spoken | Written, Textual |
| Classical | ধ্রুপদী | Traditional, Formal | Modern, Avant-garde |
| Practice | অনুশীলন | Exercise, Training | Neglect, Disregard |
| Spontaneous | স্বতঃস্ফূর্ত | Unprompted, Impulsive | Planned, Deliberate |
| Emotion | অনুভূতি | Feeling, Sentiment | Insensitivity, Apathy |
| Dialect | উপভাষা | Vernacular, Regional | Standard, Universal |
| Appeal | আবেদন | Attraction, Charm | Rejection, Repulsion |
| Joy | আনন্দ | Happiness, Bliss | Sorrow, Sadness |
| Sorrow | দুঃখ | Grief, Misery | Joy, Happiness |
| Rhythm | তাল | Beat, Cadence | Dissonance, Arrhythmia |
| Natural | প্রাকৃতিক | Organic, Native | Artificial, Synthetic |
| Expression | প্রকাশ | Manifestation, Declaration | Concealment, Silence |
| Festival | উৎসব | Celebration, Event | Mourning, Routine |
| Inequality | বৈষম্য | Disparity, Injustice | Equality, Justice |
| Poverty | দারিদ্র্য | Destitution, Lack | Wealth, Abundance |
| Mystical | রহস্যময় | Spiritual, Enigmatic | Rational, Logical |
| Metaphor | রূপক | Symbol, Allegory | Literal, Fact |
| Genre | শৈলী | Category, Style | Disorganization, Chaos |
| Environment | পরিবেশ | Surrounding, Habitat | Isolation, Artificiality |
| Reflect | প্রতিফলিত করা | Show, Indicate | Absorb, Ignore |
| Ethnic | জাতিগত | Cultural, Tribal | Universal, Global |
| Minority | সংখ্যালঘু | Smaller Group | Majority, Mainstream |
| Influence | প্রভাব | Impact, Control | Neglect, Powerlessness |
| Lifestyle | জীবনযাপন | Way of Life, Routine | - |
| Chorus | দলগত গান | Ensemble, Choir | Solo |
| Individual | ব্যক্তিগত | Single, Solo | Group, Collective |
| Compose | রচনা করা | Create, Formulate | Destroy, Disorganize |
| Participate | অংশগ্রহণ করা | Join, Engage | Withdraw, Abstain |
| Exclusively | একমাত্র | Solely, Only | Inclusively, Commonly |
| Joys | আনন্দ | Delights, Pleasures | Sorrows, Miseries |
| Separation | বিচ্ছেদ | Division, Parting | Union, Togetherness |
| Firming | শক্ত করা | Strengthening, Stabilizing | Weakening, Loosening |
| Boundary | সীমানা | Border, Edge | Center, Core |
Below is the line-by-line Bangla meaning of the passage:
1. Folk music consists of songs and music of a community that are not influenced by any sophisticated musical rules or any standard musical styles.
লোকসঙ্গীত এমন গান ও সুর নিয়ে গঠিত যা কোনো জটিল সঙ্গীতের নিয়ম বা প্রাতিষ্ঠানিক সঙ্গীতের শৈলীর প্রভাবমুক্ত।
2. Bangladesh has a heritage of rich folk music which includes both religious and secular songs.
বাংলাদেশে সমৃদ্ধ লোকসঙ্গীতের ঐতিহ্য রয়েছে, যা ধর্মীয় এবং ধর্মনিরপেক্ষ গান উভয়ই অন্তর্ভুক্ত করে।
3. Folk music may be described as the music of the ancient times that sprang from the heart of a community, based on their natural style of expression uninfluenced by the rules of classical music or modern popular songs.
লোকসঙ্গীতকে প্রাচীনকালের সঙ্গীত বলা যেতে পারে, যা কোনো সম্প্রদায়ের হৃদয় থেকে উদ্ভূত হয়েছে, তাদের প্রাকৃতিক প্রকাশভঙ্গি অনুযায়ী, যা শাস্ত্রীয় সঙ্গীত বা আধুনিক জনপ্রিয় গানের নিয়ম দ্বারা প্রভাবিত নয়।
4. Any arrangement of sound created by the combination of tune, voice and instrument/dance may be described as music.
সুর, কণ্ঠ এবং বাদ্যযন্ত্র/নৃত্যের সমন্বয়ে সৃষ্ট যে কোনো শব্দের বিন্যাসকে সঙ্গীত বলা যেতে পারে।
5. Folk music is the combination of song, tune and dance that originate from the traditional culture of ordinary people (the folk).
লোকসঙ্গীত হলো গান, সুর এবং নৃত্যের একত্রিত রূপ, যা সাধারণ মানুষের (লোক) ঐতিহ্যবাহী সংস্কৃতি থেকে উদ্ভূত।
6. For example, Baul songs are a combination of tune, music and dance that are associated with the Baul tradition in Bengal.
উদাহরণস্বরূপ, বাউল গান হলো সুর, সঙ্গীত এবং নৃত্যের একত্রিত রূপ, যা বাংলার বাউল ঐতিহ্যের সাথে সম্পর্কিত।
For model on Folk Music click here
For model on Lalon Shah click here
Characteristics of Folk Music (লোকসঙ্গীতের বৈশিষ্ট্য):
7. (i) It is composed by rural folk on the basis of ancient rules transmitted orally.
(i) এটি গ্রামীণ জনগণ প্রাচীন মৌখিকভাবে প্রচারিত নিয়ম অনুসারে রচনা করে।
8. (ii) These ancient rules of music have not been influenced by classical or modern music.
(ii) এই প্রাচীন সঙ্গীতের নিয়ম শাস্ত্রীয় বা আধুনিক সঙ্গীত দ্বারা প্রভাবিত হয়নি।
9. (iii) Folk songs may be sung in groups or individually.
(iii) লোকগান দলগতভাবে বা এককভাবে গাওয়া যেতে পারে।
10. (iv) No regular practice is required for folk music.
(iv) লোকসঙ্গীতের জন্য নিয়মিত অনুশীলন প্রয়োজন হয় না।
11. (v) It is composed and performed by illiterate or semi-literate people.
(v) এটি নিরক্ষর বা আধা-শিক্ষিত মানুষ দ্বারা রচনা ও পরিবেশিত হয়।
12. (vi) It is a spontaneous expression of feelings and thoughts in easy language, local dialect, and simple tune.
(vi) এটি সহজ ভাষা, স্থানীয় উপভাষা এবং সরল সুরে অনুভূতি ও চিন্তার স্বতঃস্ফূর্ত প্রকাশ।
13. (vii) Both words and tune are appealing.
(vii) এর কথা এবং সুর উভয়ই আকর্ষণীয়।
14. (viii) Despite its universal appeal, it uses local dialect.
(viii) সর্বজনীন আকর্ষণ থাকা সত্ত্বেও এটি স্থানীয় উপভাষা ব্যবহার করে।
15. (ix) It depends upon nature and the rural environment.
(ix) এটি প্রকৃতি এবং গ্রামীণ পরিবেশের উপর নির্ভরশীল।
16. (x) It is an explicit manifestation of the joys and sorrows of daily life.
(x) এটি দৈনন্দিন জীবনের সুখ-দুঃখের স্পষ্ট প্রকাশ।
17. (xi) It uses simple and natural rhythms.
(xi) এটি সহজ এবং প্রাকৃতিক তাল ব্যবহার করে।
18. (xii) It contains a strong emotive expression of human love and separation.
(xii) এটি মানব ভালোবাসা এবং বিচ্ছেদের শক্তিশালী আবেগপ্রবণ প্রকাশ ধারণ করে।
19. In Bangladesh folk music has great variety, with songs composed on culture, festivals, views of life, natural beauty, rivers and rural and riverine life.
বাংলাদেশে লোকসঙ্গীতের রয়েছে বিশাল বৈচিত্র্য, যা সংস্কৃতি, উৎসব, জীবনের দৃষ্টিভঙ্গি, প্রাকৃতিক সৌন্দর্য, নদী এবং গ্রামীণ ও নদীমাতৃক জীবন নিয়ে রচিত।
20. These songs are also about social inequality and poverty, about the material world and the supernatural.
এই গানগুলো সামাজিক বৈষম্য ও দারিদ্র্য, জাগতিক এবং অতিপ্রাকৃত বিষয় নিয়েও।
21. Mystical songs have been composed using the metaphors of rivers and boats.
নদী ও নৌকার রূপক ব্যবহার করে রহস্যময় গান রচিত হয়েছে।
22. Since the country is basically riverine, the Bhatiyali forms an important genre of folk music.
দেশটি মূলত নদীমাতৃক হওয়ায় ভাটিয়ালি লোকসঙ্গীতের একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ধারা।
23. Nature plays a role in providing the content and rhythm of folk music.
লোকসঙ্গীতের বিষয়বস্তু ও তাল নির্ধারণে প্রকৃতি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা পালন করে।
24. The folk music of Bangladesh varies from region to region, reflecting changes in the natural environment and the dialects people use.
বাংলাদেশের লোকসঙ্গীত অঞ্চলে অঞ্চলে পরিবর্তিত হয়, যা প্রাকৃতিক পরিবেশ ও মানুষের ব্যবহৃত উপভাষার পরিবর্তন প্রতিফলিত করে।
25. Thus there are the northern Bhawaiya, the eastern Bhatiyali and the southwestern Baul songs.
তাই উত্তরাঞ্চলের ভাওয়াইয়া, পূর্বাঞ্চলের ভাটিয়ালি এবং দক্ষিণ-পশ্চিমাঞ্চলের বাউল গান রয়েছে।
26. The culture and the lifestyle of the different ethnic minorities, such as the Chakmas, Manipuris, Santals or Tripuris, have also influenced folk music.
চাকমা, মণিপুরি, সাঁওতাল বা ত্রিপুরা প্রভৃতি বিভিন্ন নৃতাত্ত্বিক সংখ্যালঘুদের সংস্কৃতি ও জীবনযাপন লোকসঙ্গীতকে প্রভাবিত করেছে।
27. Their interaction with Bengali culture and lifestyle over the years has been clearly reflected in the richness of our folk music.
বছরের পর বছর তাদের বাঙালি সংস্কৃতি ও জীবনধারার সঙ্গে মিথস্ক্রিয়া আমাদের লোকসঙ্গীতের সমৃদ্ধিতে স্পষ্টভাবে প্রতিফলিত হয়েছে।
28. Folk songs may be sung individually or in chorus.
লোকগান একক বা সম্মিলিতভাবে গাওয়া যেতে পারে।
29. Folk songs sung individually include Baul, Bhatiyali, Murshidi and Marfati, while songs sung in chorus include Kabigan, Leto, Alkap and Gambhira.
এককভাবে গাওয়া লোকগানের মধ্যে রয়েছে বাউল, ভাটিয়ালি, মুর্শিদি এবং মারফতি; আর দলগতভাবে গাওয়া গানগুলির মধ্যে রয়েছে কবিগান, লেটো, আলকাপ এবং গম্ভীরা।
30. Some songs are regional in character, but others are common to both Bangladesh and West Bengal.
কিছু গান আঞ্চলিক চরিত্রের, তবে কিছু গান বাংলাদেশ এবং পশ্চিমবঙ্গ উভয় অঞ্চলে সাধারণ।
31. Similarly, some songs belong distinctively to one religious community, the Hindus or the Muslims; others cross religious boundaries.
তদ্রূপ, কিছু গান নির্দিষ্টভাবে একটি ধর্মীয় সম্প্রদায়ের, যেমন হিন্দু বা মুসলিম; আবার কিছু গান ধর্মীয় সীমানা অতিক্রম করে।
32. Some songs belong exclusively to men, others to women, while some are sung by both men and women.
কিছু গান একান্তভাবে পুরুষদের, কিছু নারীদের, আবার কিছু গান পুরুষ ও নারী উভয়ে গেয়ে থাকে।
33. Thus only women compose and sing Bratagan and Meyeli Git, but both men and women participate in the old practice of 'roof-beating' songs that are sung while beating down and firming rooftops.
তাই ব্রতগান এবং মেয়েলি গান শুধুমাত্র নারীরা রচনা ও গেয়ে থাকে, তবে পুরুষ ও নারী উভয়ে 'ছাদকোঁচানো' গানের পুরনো প্রথায় অংশ নেয়, যা ছাদ পেটানো ও মজবুত করার সময় গাওয়া হয়।
Q. C. Answer the following questions:
a. How is folk music defined in the excerpt? Can you add some thoughts of your own to the definition provided?
In the excerpt, folk music is defined as the music of a community that emerges from their natural style of expression without being influenced by classical or modern musical rules. It is described as a combination of song, tune, and dance originating from the traditions and daily lives of ordinary people.
Additional thoughts: Folk music is deeply tied to the identity and emotions of a community, serving as a reflection of their culture, values, and environment. It evolves with oral traditions and is often a storytelling medium that captures the essence of communal life.
b. What are the characteristics of folk music?
The excerpt outlines several characteristics of folk music:
- Composed by rural people based on ancient oral traditions.
- Not influenced by classical or modern music.
- Can be sung individually or in groups.
- Requires no formal training or regular practice.
- Created and performed by illiterate or semi-literate individuals.
- A spontaneous expression of emotions in simple language and local dialects.
- Features appealing words and tunes.
- Relies on the local dialect despite universal appeal.
- Rooted in nature and rural environments.
- Reflects the joys, sorrows, and daily life experiences.
- Utilizes simple and natural rhythms.
- Expresses deep emotional themes, such as love and separation.
c. According to the excerpt, folk music has great variety in Bangladesh. Do you know about any other variety of folk music in our country? Which aspects of our folk music do you like?
The excerpt mentions varieties like Baul, Bhatiyali, Bhawaiya, Murshidi, and Marfati. Other examples of folk music in Bangladesh include Jari, Sari, Pala Gaan, and Gazir Gaan.
Aspects I like:
- The simplicity of the lyrics and tunes that convey profound emotions.
- The rich connection to nature and the rural environment.
- The diversity in dialects, themes, and musical instruments.
- The spiritual and mystical aspects, especially in Baul songs.
d. The excerpt mentions several types or classes of folk songs from different regions of Bangladesh. How many of these are you familiar with? Give a brief assessment of them.
The excerpt mentions Baul, Bhatiyali, Bhawaiya, Murshidi, Marfati, Kabigan, Leto, Alkap, and Gambhira. I am familiar with some of these:
- Baul: Known for its mystical and spiritual lyrics, often exploring themes of love and the search for the divine.
- Bhatiyali: Sung by boatmen, this genre reflects the life and emotions of riverine communities.
- Bhawaiya: Originating from northern Bangladesh, it often deals with rural life and romantic longing.
- Murshidi and Marfati: These are devotional songs that explore Islamic teachings and mystical love for God.
- Gambhira: A form of satire and social commentary often performed in a humorous manner.
Assessment: Each type of folk song offers a unique window into the culture, beliefs, and environment of the communities they come from, making them invaluable cultural treasures.
a. Classical
- Meaning: Referring to traditional or established forms of art, music, or literature, particularly those associated with ancient civilizations or formal, high-culture standards.
- Sentence: The orchestra performed a classical piece by Beethoven, showcasing intricate melodies and harmony.
b. Mystical
- Meaning: Relating to or involving spiritual or supernatural experiences, often beyond human understanding.
- Sentence: The mystical chants of the monks echoed through the ancient temple, creating an aura of tranquility.
c. Note
- Meaning: A single sound or tone in music; also refers to a brief written message.
- Sentence: The musician played a high-pitched note that resonated beautifully in the concert hall.
d. Tempo
- Meaning: The speed or pace at which a piece of music is played.
- Sentence: The tempo of the song gradually increased, building excitement among the audience.
e. Rhythm
- Meaning: A pattern of beats or sounds in music, typically organized in a regular, repeated pattern.
- Sentence: The drummer maintained a steady rhythm, guiding the band through the performance.
Q. E. You have a friend in the social media who lives in Afghanistan, who is very keen to know about your culture, especially folk music. Write an email to your friend, describing the various types of folk music in Bangladesh. You should write between 150-200 words in the main body of your email.
Answer Question No. E
23-1-2025
Jashore
Subject: Folk Music of Bangladesh
Dear Rupa,
I hope you're doing well! I’m excited to share with you about the rich and diverse folk music of Bangladesh, which reflects our culture, traditions, and the beauty of our natural surroundings.
Folk music in Bangladesh is deeply rooted in the traditions of rural life and is often composed by ordinary people. One of the most prominent genres is Baul music, which blends song, tune, and dance. It is a spiritual and philosophical expression, originating from the Baul community in Bengal. Another significant genre is Bhatiyali, which is sung mainly by fishermen and boatmen, reflecting the life along the rivers.
There’s also Bhawaiya from the northern region, which has a melodious and emotional tone, and Murshidi songs that have a mystical feel to them. Additionally, Kabigan and Gambhira are chorus-based folk songs that depict social stories and daily life struggles. Bratagan and Meyeli Git are exclusive to women and focus on various aspects of daily life and devotion.
Folk music in Bangladesh is vibrant and diverse, encompassing a wide range of themes from love and separation to social issues and nature.
Hope this gives you a glimpse into our rich musical heritage!
Best regards,
Rana
For model on Folk Music click here
For model on Lalon Shah click here
F. Read the text below and answer the questions that follow.
 |
| Lalon Shah |
Lalon Shah
Lalon Shah (1774-1890) is best known as an icon of the Baul tradition in Bengal, although he was also a philosopher, thinker and social reformer. He preached religious tolerance and rejected social differences based on class, caste and creed. He also believed that a search for truth should begin with the body, which reflects the mystery of creation.
Although Lalon's songs are admired for the profound philosophical and mystical insights they offer, he did not receive any formal education. Not much is known about his early life. A popular story about him which many believe to be true -- is that while on a pilgrimage to a holy place. Lalon, who was born a Hindu, contracted smallpox and was abandoned by his companions. A Muslim fakir, Siraj Sain, picked him up and took him to his own house where he nursed him back to health. When Lalon returned home, his family refused to take him in as he had lived in a Muslim household. So Lalon returned to Siraj Sain and took up a life of devotion and asceticism under his guidance. After the death of Sainji, Lalon set up an akhrah or monastery in Chheuriya near Kushtia. It soon attracted admirers and mystics in search of salvation who became initiated into Baul asceticism and became his disciples. As Lalon began writing and composing songs, which his disciples sang with the accompaniment of ektara or dotara, his fame spread to faraway places.
Rabindranath Tagore and Kazi Nazrul Islam were among those who admired him and were influenced by his shahajiya philosophy (the attainment of the self through the simple truths that reside in one's own body and soul-not outside which can be reached through sadhana or meditation). Many of his disciples also became famous for their songs. They included Kangal Harinath Majumder. Pagla Kanai and Dudu Shah.
Here are some important words from the text with their meanings in Bengali, synonyms, and antonyms:
| Word | Meaning (Bengali) | Synonym (English) | Antonym (English) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Icon | প্রতীক, আদর্শ | Symbol, Ideal | Ordinary, Common |
| Tradition | প্রথা | Custom, Practice | Innovation, Novelty |
| Philosopher | দার্শনিক | Thinker, Theorist | Unwise person |
| Tolerance | সহনশীলতা | Acceptance, Patience | Intolerance, Impatience |
| Creed | বিশ্বাস | Faith, Doctrine | Disbelief, Doubt |
| Truth | সত্য | Reality, Fact | Falsehood, Lie |
| Mystery | রহস্য | Enigma, Puzzle | Clarity, Obviousness |
| Insight | অন্তর্দৃষ্টি | Understanding, Perception | Ignorance, Misunderstanding |
| Formal | আনুষ্ঠানিক | Official, Proper | Informal, Casual |
| Education | শিক্ষা | Learning, Knowledge | Ignorance, Illiteracy |
| Pilgrimage | তীর্থযাত্রা | Journey, Religious Travel | Immobility |
| Abandon | পরিত্যাগ | Desert, Forsake | Retain, Keep |
| Companion | সঙ্গী | Partner, Associate | Rival, Opponent |
| Devotion | ভক্তি | Dedication, Loyalty | Neglect, Indifference |
| Asceticism | তপস্যা | Self-discipline, Abstinence | Indulgence |
| Admirer | প্রশংসাকারী | Supporter, Enthusiast | Critic, Opponent |
| Salvation | পরিত্রাণ | Redemption, Liberation | Damnation |
| Fame | খ্যাতি | Renown, Reputation | Obscurity, Anonymity |
| Compose | রচনা করা | Create, Arrange | Destroy, Disorganize |
| Attainment | অর্জন | Achievement, Fulfillment | Failure, Loss |
| Disciples | শিষ্য | Followers, Students | Opponents |
| Simple | সহজ | Plain, Straightforward | Complex, Complicated |
| Truths | সত্যগুলো | Realities, Verities | Lies, Falsehoods |
| Meditation | ধ্যান | Contemplation, Reflection | Distraction |
| Admire | প্রশংসা করা | Appreciate, Respect | Criticize, Disapprove |
| Influence | প্রভাব | Impact, Authority | Weakness, Powerlessness |
| Philosophy | দর্শন | Belief, Ideology | Practicality |
| Custom | রীতি | Tradition, Habit | Change, Deviation |
| Devote | উৎসর্গ | Dedicate, Commit | Neglect, Ignore |
| Renowned | প্রসিদ্ধ | Famous, Celebrated | Unknown, Obscure |
Here’s the line-by-line Bangla meaning of the passage:
1. Lalon Shah (1774-1890) is best known as an icon of the Baul tradition in Bengal, although he was also a philosopher, thinker and social reformer.
লালন শাহ (১৭৭৪-১৮৯০) বাংলার বাউল ঐতিহ্যের প্রতীক হিসেবে সর্বাধিক পরিচিত, যদিও তিনি একজন দার্শনিক, চিন্তাবিদ এবং সমাজ সংস্কারকও ছিলেন।
2. He preached religious tolerance and rejected social differences based on class, caste and creed.
তিনি ধর্মীয় সহিষ্ণুতা প্রচার করতেন এবং শ্রেণি, জাত ও ধর্মের ভিত্তিতে সামাজিক ভেদাভেদ প্রত্যাখ্যান করেছিলেন।
3. He also believed that a search for truth should begin with the body, which reflects the mystery of creation.
তিনি আরও বিশ্বাস করতেন যে, সত্যের অনুসন্ধান দেহ থেকে শুরু হওয়া উচিত, যা সৃষ্টির রহস্যকে প্রতিফলিত করে।
4. Although Lalon's songs are admired for the profound philosophical and mystical insights they offer, he did not receive any formal education.
যদিও লালনের গান তার গভীর দার্শনিক এবং আধ্যাত্মিক অন্তর্দৃষ্টির জন্য প্রশংসিত, তিনি কোনো প্রাতিষ্ঠানিক শিক্ষা লাভ করেননি।
5. Not much is known about his early life.
তার প্রাথমিক জীবন সম্পর্কে খুব বেশি কিছু জানা যায় না।
6. A popular story about him which many believe to be true -- is that while on a pilgrimage to a holy place.
তার সম্পর্কে একটি জনপ্রিয় গল্প, যা অনেকেই সত্য বলে বিশ্বাস করেন -- তা হলো, পবিত্র স্থানে তীর্থযাত্রার সময়।
7. Lalon, who was born a Hindu, contracted smallpox and was abandoned by his companions.
হিন্দু পরিবারে জন্ম নেওয়া লালন গুটি বসন্তে আক্রান্ত হন এবং তার সঙ্গীরা তাকে পরিত্যাগ করেন।
8. A Muslim fakir, Siraj Sain, picked him up and took him to his own house where he nursed him back to health.
একজন মুসলিম ফকির, সিরাজ সাঁই, তাকে তুলে নিয়ে নিজের বাড়িতে নিয়ে যান এবং সেখানেই তার সেবা-শুশ্রূষা করেন।
9. When Lalon returned home, his family refused to take him in as he had lived in a Muslim household.
লালন যখন বাড়ি ফিরে আসেন, তখন তার পরিবার তাকে গ্রহণ করতে অস্বীকার করে কারণ তিনি একজন মুসলিম পরিবারে ছিলেন।
10. So Lalon returned to Siraj Sain and took up a life of devotion and asceticism under his guidance.
তাই লালন সিরাজ সাঁইয়ের কাছে ফিরে আসেন এবং তার নির্দেশনায় ভক্তি ও তপস্যার জীবন গ্রহণ করেন।
11. After the death of Sainji, Lalon set up an akhrah or monastery in Chheuriya near Kushtia.
সাঁইজির মৃত্যুর পরে লালন কুষ্টিয়ার কাছে ছেউড়িয়াতে একটি আখড়া বা আশ্রম স্থাপন করেন।
12. It soon attracted admirers and mystics in search of salvation who became initiated into Baul asceticism and became his disciples.
এটি শীঘ্রই ভক্ত এবং মোক্ষের সন্ধানী সাধকদের আকৃষ্ট করে, যারা বাউল তপস্যার পথ গ্রহণ করে তার শিষ্য হয়ে ওঠেন।
13. As Lalon began writing and composing songs, which his disciples sang with the accompaniment of ektara or dotara, his fame spread to faraway places.
যখন লালন গান লিখতে এবং সুর দিতে শুরু করেন, যা তার শিষ্যরা একতারা বা দোতারা বাজিয়ে গাইত, তার খ্যাতি দূরদূরান্তে ছড়িয়ে পড়ে।
14. Rabindranath Tagore and Kazi Nazrul Islam were among those who admired him and were influenced by his shahajiya philosophy (the attainment of the self through the simple truths that reside in one's own body and soul-not outside which can be reached through sadhana or meditation).
রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর এবং কাজী নজরুল ইসলাম তাদের মধ্যে ছিলেন যারা তাকে শ্রদ্ধা করতেন এবং তার সহজিয়া দর্শনে প্রভাবিত হয়েছিলেন (নিজ দেহ ও আত্মার অভ্যন্তরে নিহিত সরল সত্যের মাধ্যমে আত্ম-উপলব্ধি, যা সাধনা বা ধ্যানের মাধ্যমে অর্জন করা যায়)।
15. Many of his disciples also became famous for their songs.
তার অনেক শিষ্যও তাদের গানের জন্য বিখ্যাত হয়েছিলেন।
16. They included Kangal Harinath Majumder, Pagla Kanai and Dudu Shah.
তাদের মধ্যে ছিলেন কাঙ্গাল হরিনাথ মজুমদার, পাগলা কানাই এবং দুদু শাহ।
For model on Folk Music click here
For model on Lalon Shah click here
G. Answer the following questions:
1. Have you heard any Baul song composed by Lalon? If yes, what is it about?
2. Why are Baul songs popular even today?
3. What is the essence of sahajiva philosophy of Lalon?
4. Who are some of the prominent people who admired Lalon
Answers Question No.G
1. Have you heard any Baul song composed by Lalon? If yes, what is it about?
Answer: Yes, I have heard a Baul song by Lalon, it might explore themes like spirituality, human equality, or the quest for self-discovery, reflecting his deep philosophical and mystical beliefs.
2. Why are Baul songs popular even today?
Answer : Baul songs remain popular because they convey profound philosophical insights, emphasize universal human values like love, tolerance, and simplicity, and resonate deeply with people's inner emotions and spiritual quests. Their unique melodies, combined with instruments like the ektara, also contribute to their enduring appeal.
3. What is the essence of sahajiya philosophy of Lalon?
Answer: The essence of Lalon's sahajiya philosophy is the belief that self-realization and the ultimate truth reside within one's own body and soul, not outside. This philosophy advocates a simple, introspective life and emphasizes meditation (sadhana) as a means to connect with this inner truth.
4. Who are some of the prominent people who admired Lalon?
Answer: Prominent admirers of Lalon include Rabindranath Tagore and Kazi Nazrul Islam, who were influenced by his sahajiya philosophy. Many of his disciples, such as Kangal Harinath Majumder, Pagla Kanai, and Dudu Shah, also admired and propagated his teachings.
Q. H. Think of the following questions
1. Do you know a friend or relative whom you had met years ago and with whom you have lost contact?
2. How do you reconnect with a friend when you see him/her after many days or years?
3. Do you find a gap of communication with that friend, or do you feel the same closeness with him/her?
4. Do you cherish a special place or neighbourhood from your childhood where you used to play with your friends freely?
Answers Question No. H
1. Do you know a friend or relative whom you had met years ago and with whom you have lost contact?
Yes, a childhood friend I lost touch with when we moved to different cities for studies.
2. How do you reconnect with a friend when you see him/her after many days or years?
Answer: I usually reconnect by initiating a casual conversation, reminiscing about shared memories, or asking how they’ve been. Social media platforms also help bridge the gap.
3. Do you find a gap of communication with that friend, or do you feel the same closeness with him/her?
Answer: Initially, there might be a slight communication gap, but once we start talking, the familiarity and closeness often return.
4. Do you cherish a special place or neighborhood from your childhood where you used to play with your friends freely?
Answer: Yes, I cherish the park near my old home where we played games and had countless adventures. It holds a special place in my memories.
Here’s a table of important words/phrases from Auld Lang Syne by Robert Burns, along with their meanings in Bangla, synonyms, and antonyms.
| Word/Phrase | Meaning (Bangla) | Synonym | Antonym |
|---|---|---|---|
| Auld | পুরানো | Old | New |
| Lang | দীর্ঘ | Long | Short |
| Syne | পূর্বে | Ago, Before | Now, Present |
| Acquaintance | পরিচিত | Friend, Companion | Stranger |
| Forgot | ভুলে যাওয়া | Neglect, Omit | Remember |
| Mind | মনে করা | Recall, Remember | Forget |
| Cup | পাত্র | Mug, Glass | Plate (contextual antonym) |
| Kindness | দয়া | Compassion, Goodness | Cruelty |
| Pint | পরিমাপের একক (এক পাইন্ট) | Measure | (No direct antonym) |
| Slopes | ঢাল | Hillside, Incline | Flatland |
| Picked | বাছাই করা | Selected, Gathered | Dropped |
| Daisies | ডেইজি ফুল | Flowers | (No direct antonym) |
| Wandered | ঘুরে বেড়ানো | Roamed, Traveled | Stayed |
| Weary | ক্লান্ত | Tired, Exhausted | Energetic |
| Foot | পা | Step | Hand (contextual antonym) |
| Paddled | জলে হাঁটা/চলা | Waded, Splashed | Floated (contextual antonym) |
| Stream | প্রবাহ | Creek, Brook | Ocean |
| Morning | সকাল | Dawn | Evening |
| Dine | ভোজন | Eat, Feast | Fast (contextual antonym) |
| Seas | সমুদ্র | Oceans, Waters | Land |
| Broad | বিস্তৃত | Wide, Vast | Narrow |
| Roared | গর্জন করা | Thundered, Bellowed | Whispered |
| Trusty | বিশ্বাসযোগ্য | Loyal, Reliable | Untrustworthy |
| Draught | পানীয় | Drink, Sip | (No direct antonym) |
| Hand | হাত | Palm, Grip | Foot (contextual antonym) |
| Good-will | শুভ ইচ্ছা | Benevolence, Harmony | Malice |
| Old | পুরানো | Ancient, Aged | New |
| Fine | সুন্দর, সূক্ষ্ম | Beautiful, Refined | Coarse |
| Friend | বন্ধু | Ally, Companion | Enemy |
| Sun | সূর্য | Star, Daylight | Moon (contextual antonym) |
Here’s a line-by-line Bangla translation of "Auld Lang Syne" by Robert Burns:
Should old acquaintance be forgot,
পুরনো পরিচিতদের কি ভুলে যেতে হবে,
And never brought to mind?
এবং আর কখনো তাদের কথা মনে আনব না?
Should old acquaintance be forgot,
পুরনো পরিচিতদের কি ভুলে যেতে হবে,
And old lang syne?
এবং সেই পুরনো সময়গুলো?
(Chorus)
For auld lang syne, my dear,
সেই পুরনো দিনের জন্য, প্রিয় বন্ধুরে,
For auld lang syne,
সেই পুরনো দিনের জন্য,
We'll take a cup of kindness yet.
আমরা এখনও এক কাপ বন্ধুত্বপূর্ণ পানীয় তুলে ধরব।
For auld lang syne.
সেই পুরনো দিনের জন্য।
And surely you'll buy your pint cup!
তুমি নিশ্চয়ই তোমার এক কাপ পানীয় কিনবে!
And surely I'll buy mine!
আর আমি নিশ্চয়ই আমারটি কিনব!
And we'll take a cup o' kindness yet,
আর আমরা একসাথে বন্ধুত্বপূর্ণ পানীয় গ্রহণ করব,
For auld lang syne.
সেই পুরনো দিনের জন্য।
We two have run about the slopes,
আমরা দু'জনে একসঙ্গে পাহাড়ি ঢালুতে ছুটেছি,
And picked the daisies fine;
আর সুন্দর ডেইজি ফুল তুলেছি;
But we've wandered many a weary foot,
কিন্তু আমরা বহু ক্লান্তিকর পথ পাড়ি দিয়েছি,
Since auld lang syne.
সেই পুরনো দিনের পর থেকে।
We two have paddled in the stream,
আমরা দু'জনে ঝর্ণার জলে পা ভিজিয়েছি,
From morning sun till dine;
সকাল থেকে সন্ধ্যা পর্যন্ত;
But seas between us broad have roared,
কিন্তু আমাদের মাঝে এখন বিস্তৃত সমুদ্র গর্জন করছে,
Since auld lang syne.
সেই পুরনো দিনের পর থেকে।
And there's a hand my trusty friend!
আর এই হাতটি নাও, আমার বিশ্বস্ত বন্ধু!
And give me a hand o' thine!
তোমার হাত আমায় বাড়িয়ে দাও!
And we'll take a right good-will draught,
আর আমরা একসাথে ভালোবাসার পানীয় তুলে ধরব,
For auld lang syne.
সেই পুরনো দিনের জন্য।
Yes, Rabindranath Tagore created a Bengali version of Auld Lang Syne, titled "Purano Shei Diner Kotha" (The Memories of Bygone Days). It captures the nostalgic sentiment of the original Scottish song while blending in Tagore's poetic elegance. The opening lines are:
"Purano shei diner kotha
Bhulbi kire hay,
O shei chokher dekha,
Praner kotha,
She ki bhola jay?"
(Translation:
"Can you forget the tales of those olden days?
Those moments seen by the eyes,
And the heartfelt words—
Can they ever fade away?")
The song holds a similar essence to Auld Lang Syne, celebrating memories, friendships, and the passage of time.
For model on Folk Music click here
For model on Lalon Shah click here
Discussion Questions and Answers:
-
What does the title of the poem mean in English?
The title Auld Lang Syne translates to "Old Long Since" in English, meaning "times long past" or "days gone by." It reflects a nostalgic remembrance of old friendships and cherished memories. -
What series of imagery is being used by the poet in the text? What emotion does it create among readers?
The poem uses imagery of shared experiences, such as running on slopes, picking daisies, paddling streams, and drinking together. These images evoke nostalgia, warmth, and a sense of camaraderie, emphasizing the importance of old friendships and cherished moments. -
What do you understand from the quoted stanzas of the poem?
a) "And surely you'll buy your pint cup!
And surely I'll buy mine!
And we'll take a cup o' kindness yet,
For auld lang syne."- This stanza highlights the mutual exchange of goodwill and the tradition of sharing a drink as a gesture of friendship and unity, celebrating memories of the past.
b) "And there's a hand my trusty friend!
And give me a hand o' thine!
And we'll take a right good-will draught,
For auld lang syne."- This stanza emphasizes the bond of trust and friendship, symbolized by a handshake. It reflects a commitment to goodwill and the enduring nature of relationships despite time or distance.
Use of Future Tense in the Poem:
The poem employs the future tense in phrases like:
- "We'll take a cup of kindness yet."
- "We'll take a right good-will draught."
These lines suggest actions that will happen as a sign of shared intentions and continued friendship.
Future Tense Sentences Using the Given Words:
- Acquaintance: I will meet an old acquaintance at the reunion.
- Forget: We will never forget the memories we made together.
- Run about: The children will run about in the fields tomorrow.
- Wander: They will wander through the park, reminiscing old times.
- Weary: After the long journey, we will feel weary but happy.
Subject: Catching Up After a Long Time
Dear [Friend's/Relative's Name],
I hope this email finds you in great health and high spirits. It has been far too long since we last connected, and I wanted to take this moment to reach out and let you know how life has been on my end.
Currently, I’m [mention your current location or situation, e.g., "living in New York and working as a software developer" or "back home after finishing my studies in London"]. Life has been a mix of challenges and blessings, but I often find myself reminiscing about the times we shared—[mention a fond memory or experience, e.g., "our weekend trips to the hills" or "our endless chats over coffee"].
Though the pace of life keeps me busy, I often think about you and wonder how you’re doing. Are you still [reference something about them, e.g., "pursuing your love for photography" or "enjoying life in the countryside"]? I’d love to hear all about what’s been happening in your world.
Let’s make plans to catch up soon, either virtually or in person. It would be wonderful to rekindle old memories and create new ones. Please write back when you get a chance!
Take care and stay in touch.
Warm regards,
[Your Name]
Summary:
"Auld Lang Syne" is a nostalgic and reflective poem by Robert Burns, based on a Scottish folk song. It emphasizes cherishing old friendships and the passage of time. The speaker asks if old acquaintances and memories should ever be forgotten. They reflect on shared experiences of joy and hardship, such as running on slopes, picking daisies, and paddling in streams, even though life and distance have separated them. The poem concludes with a call to reconnect, shake hands, and share a cup of kindness in honor of enduring friendship and past times.
Theme:
The central theme of the poem is nostalgia and the value of enduring friendship. It explores the importance of remembering and honoring shared experiences, even as time and distance may create separations. The recurring refrain "for auld lang syne" underscores the significance of cherishing the past and celebrating connections with a sense of gratitude and goodwill.
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