Unit Six: Dreams || Textbook page 104, 105, 106, 106 & 108 || Class eleven and twelve || Lesson 1: What is a Dream? || English first paper || Bangla meaning, line by line Bangla meaning, text questions and solution , short questions and summary ||

February 24, 2025 0






Unit Six: Dreams || Textbook page 104, 105, 106, 106 & 108 || Class eleven and twelve || Lesson 1: What is a Dream? || English first paper || Bangla meaning, line by line Bangla meaning, text questions and solution , short questions and summary || 



A. Work in pairs and discuss the following questions.
  • What is a dream?
  • Do you have dreams?
  • Is a dream real or unreal?
  • Is there any relation between dream and action?
  • Who is a dreamer? Do you like a dreamer? Why/why not?


Answer Question No. A

Here are answers to the questions.

  1. What is a dream?
    A dream is a series of thoughts, images, or emotions that occur in a person's mind during sleep. It can also refer to a strong desire or goal one hopes to achieve.

  2. Do you have dreams?
    Yes, everyone has dreams, though some people may not always remember them. Dreams can be about different experiences, feelings, or even aspirations.

  3. Is a dream real or unreal?
    Dreams are usually considered unreal because they happen in the mind during sleep. However, dreams about goals and aspirations can be real if people work to achieve them.

  4. Is there any relation between dream and action?
    Yes, dreams (both in sleep and aspirations) can influence actions. People may take steps to achieve their dreams, and dreams during sleep can sometimes inspire creativity or decision-making.

  5. Who is a dreamer? Do you like a dreamer? Why/why not?
    A dreamer is someone who imagines or aspires to achieve great things. Yes, dreamers can be inspiring because they bring new ideas, creativity, and motivation to others. However, if someone only dreams without taking action, it may not be very productive.


Answer Question No. B

Here are the meanings of the words and their relation to dreams:

  1. Colour – The visual appearance of things due to light reflection. Some dreams are vivid and full of colours, while others are black and white.

  2. Nightmare – A scary or disturbing dream. Nightmares can cause fear and anxiety during sleep.

  3. Reverie – A state of being lost in one's thoughts, like daydreaming. It relates to dreams because it involves imagination and deep thinking.

  4. Romantic – Related to love or strong emotions. Dreams can sometimes be romantic, reflecting desires and emotions.

  5. Silvery – Shiny and bright, like silver. Some dreamscapes have a silvery or mystical quality, creating a magical atmosphere.

  6. Short-lasting – Something that does not last long. Dreams are often short and fade quickly after waking up.

  7. Reality – The real world and what actually exists. Dreams are different from reality, but sometimes they can influence real-life thoughts and actions.

  8. Pleasant – Something enjoyable or nice. Many dreams are pleasant, bringing happiness and comfort.

  9. Imagination – The ability to create pictures or ideas in the mind. Dreams are a product of imagination, whether during sleep or daydreaming.

  10. Hallucination – Seeing or hearing things that are not real, often when awake. Some hallucinations are similar to dreams in how they distort reality.

  11. Dreamy – Something that feels soft, surreal, or peaceful. It relates to dreams as it describes a dream-like state.

  12. Haunting – Something that stays in the mind, often in a disturbing way. Some dreams, especially nightmares, can be haunting and hard to forget.

  13. Daydream – A dream-like state when awake, where one gets lost in thoughts or fantasies.

  14. Shadowy – Dark, unclear, or mysterious. Some dreams are shadowy and hard to understand.

  15. Dreamer – A person who has dreams, either while sleeping or in the form of big goals and ambitions.

  16. Fragments – Small, broken pieces of something. Dreams often appear as fragments, with disconnected images and events.

How are these words related to dreams?

These words describe different aspects of dreams, including their emotions, nature, and effects. Dreams can be colourful, pleasant, romantic, or shadowy and haunting. They involve imagination, fragments, and reality, and they can take the form of daydreams or nightmares.


C. Read the following text and fill in the gaps with the words listed above. You can use a word only once.

All of us know what a dream is. Generally we dream during our sleep. Dreams may appear to be short or long lasting. Sometimes we say, "I dreamt for the whole night!" But do we really dream for the whole night? Some dreams are sweet or (a)...............  Some are horrible. When we dream something extremely bad, we call it a (b) ............  This is interesting that dreams have no (c) ................ They are soft, (d) ............... and (e)  .......... Do you know how the words (f) ........ and (g)........ differ from dream? Do you know any (h) .....? What do they do? Does dream have any relation with (i) ........?     Do we always dream during our sleep? The happy dream we have about our lives or future while awake is called (j)......... .  Sometimes we long for something so passionately. We call that a dream as well.


Answer Question No. C

Here is the completed passage with the correct words filled in:

All of us know what a dream is. Generally, we dream during our sleep. Dreams may appear to be short or short lasting. Sometimes we say, "I dreamt for the whole night!" But do we really dream for the whole night? Some dreams are sweet or (a) pleasant. Some are horrible. When we dream of something extremely bad, we call it a (b) nightmare. This is interesting that dreams have no (c) reality. They are soft, (d) shadowy and (e) silvery.

Do you know how the words (f) hallucination and (g) reverie differ from dreams? Do you know any (h) dreamer? What do they do? Does a dream have any relation with (i) imagination?

Do we always dream during our sleep? The happy dream we have about our lives or future while awake is called (j) day-dream. Sometimes we long for something so passionately. We call that a dream as well.


D. Now read the article below and see if what you think about dreams-similar or dissimilar to what is said here.

Dreams have fascinated philosophers for thousands of years, but only recently have dreams been subjected to empirical research and scientific study. Chances are that you've often found yourself puzzling over the content of a dream, or perhaps you've wondered why you dream at all.

First, let's start by answering a basic question: What is a dream? A dream can include any of the images, thoughts and emotions that are experienced during sleep. Dreams can be extraordinarily vivid or very vague: filled with joyful emotions or frightening images; focused and understandable or unclear and confusing.

Why do we dream? What purpose do dreams serve? While many theories have been proposed about the reason and function of dreams, no consensus has emerged.

Considering the time we spend in a dreaming state, the fact that researchers do not yet understand the purpose of dreams may seem baffling. However, it is important to consider that science is still unraveling the exact purpose and function of sleep itself. Some researchers suggest that dreams serve no real purpose, while others believe that dreaming is essential to mental, emotional and physical well-being.

Next, let's learn more about some of the most prominent dream theories.
Consistent with the psychoanalytic perspective. Sigmund Freud's theory of dreams suggests that dreams are a representation of subconscious desires, thoughts and motivations. According to Freud, people are driven by aggressive and sexual instincts that are repressed from conscious awareness. While these thoughts are not consciously expressed, they find their way into our awareness via dreams. In his famous book The Interpretation of Dreams (1899), Freud wrote that dreams are "...disguised fulfillments of repressed wishes."

Freud's theory contributed to the popularity of dream interpretation. Following his paths many theorists came up with their own ideas about dreams. The following are just a few of them:

Some researchers suggest that dreams are a subjective interpretation of signals generated by the brain during sleep. Dreams are not meaningless. Instead, during dreams the cognitive elements in our brain produce new ideas.

One theory suggests that dreams are the result of our brains trying to interpret external stimuli during sleep. For example, the sound of the radio may be incorporated into the content of a dream.

Another theory uses a computer metaphor to account for dreams. According to this theory, dreams serve to 'clean up clutter from the mind, much like clean-up operations in a computer, refreshing the mind to prepare for the next day.
Yet another model proposes that dreams function as a form of psychotherapy. In this theory, the dreamer is able to make connections between different thoughts and emotions in a safe environment.



Answer Question No. D

The article provides various perspectives on dreams, including scientific, psychological, and theoretical explanations. Here’s how my thoughts compare to the article:

  • Definition of Dreams: I agree that dreams consist of images, thoughts, and emotions experienced during sleep. The way dreams can be vivid, vague, joyful, or frightening aligns with my own experiences.

  • Purpose of Dreams: The article presents multiple theories about why we dream, but no definitive answer. I find it intriguing that some scientists believe dreams serve no purpose, while others think they are essential for emotional and mental well-being. Personally, I think dreams may help process emotions and experiences.

  • Dream Theories:

    • Freud’s Theory: Freud’s idea that dreams represent repressed desires is interesting, but I believe not all dreams have hidden meanings. Some might simply reflect daily thoughts.
    • Brain Interpretation Theory: The idea that dreams result from the brain trying to interpret signals during sleep makes sense, especially when external sounds become part of a dream.
    • Computer Clean-up Theory: I find this theory fascinating. If dreams help clear mental clutter and refresh the brain, it explains why sleep is so important for cognitive function.
    • Dreams as Psychotherapy: This seems logical since dreams often bring up unresolved emotions and thoughts. They might help process emotions in a way that’s not possible when awake.

In conclusion, my thoughts on dreams align with some parts of the article, but I also believe that dreams can be both meaningful and random at times. What do you think? Do you agree with any particular theory?


Here are some important words from the passage, along with their meanings in Bangla, synonyms, and antonyms:

Word Meaning (বাংলা) Synonym (সমার্থক শব্দ) Antonym (বিপরীত শব্দ)
Fascinate মোহিত করা, আকৃষ্ট করা Attract, Captivate Bore, Repel
Empirical অভিজ্ঞতালব্ধ, পরীক্ষামূলক Practical, Experimental Theoretical, Hypothetical
Puzzling বিভ্রান্তিকর, রহস্যময় Confusing, Perplexing Clear, Understandable
Vivid জীবন্ত, উজ্জ্বল Bright, Clear Dull, Faint
Frighting ভীতিকর, আতঙ্কজনক Scary, Terrifying Comforting, Soothing
Unclear অস্পষ্ট, অনির্দিষ্ট Vague, Confusing Clear, Obvious
Consensus ঐকমত্য, সম্মতি Agreement, Unity Disagreement, Conflict
Baffling হতবুদ্ধিকর, দুর্বোধ্য Confusing, Perplexing Simple, Easy
Essential অপরিহার্য, গুরুত্বপূর্ণ Necessary, Crucial Unimportant, Optional
Perspective দৃষ্টিভঙ্গি, মতাদর্শ Viewpoint, Outlook Ignorance, Narrow-mindedness
Subconscious অবচেতন মন Unconscious, Instinctive Conscious, Aware
Motivation প্রেরণা, অনুপ্রেরণা Encouragement, Inspiration Discouragement, Demotivation
Repress দমন করা, সংযত রাখা Suppress, Restrain Express, Release
Awareness সচেতনতা, উপলব্ধি Consciousness, Perception Ignorance, Unawareness
Disguised ছদ্মবেশী, গোপন Hidden, Concealed Revealed, Exposed
Interpretation ব্যাখ্যা, বিশ্লেষণ Explanation, Analysis Misinterpretation, Misunderstanding
Stimuli উদ্দীপনা, প্রেরণা Impulse, Trigger Blockage, Hindrance
Incorporate সংযুক্ত করা, একত্র করা Include, Integrate Separate, Exclude
Metaphor রূপক, উপমা Symbol, Analogy Literal, Reality
Clutter বিশৃঙ্খলা, জঞ্জাল Mess, Disorder Organization, Neatness
Refreshing সতেজকারী, পুনরুজ্জীবিত Revitalizing, Energizing Exhausting, Draining
Psychotherapy মনঃসমীক্ষা, মানসিক চিকিৎসা Counseling, Therapy Neglect, Harm
Emotion আবেগ, অনুভূতি Feeling, Sentiment Indifference, Apathy
Cognitive জ্ঞানীয়, চিন্তাগত Intellectual, Mental Physical, Unintelligent
Safe নিরাপদ, সুরক্ষিত Secure, Protected Dangerous, Risky


E. Find out the contexual meaning of the following words and identify their parts of speech. Then make sentences with them.

a. empirical  b. vivid  c. vague  d. frightening

e. baffling  f. unravel  g. psychoanalytic h. perspective

i. motivation  j. awareness  k. repressed  l. cognitive

m. stimuli  n. incorporate  o. clutter p. psychotherapy


Answer Question No. E

Here are the contextual meanings, parts of speech, and example sentences for the given words:

a. Empirical (adjective) – Based on observation or experience rather than theory.
Sentence: Scientists rely on empirical evidence to support their research findings.

b. Vivid (adjective) – Producing clear, strong, and detailed images in the mind.
Sentence: The dream was so vivid that I felt like I was actually there.

c. Vague (adjective) – Unclear, indistinct, or uncertain.
Sentence: His explanation was vague, so I couldn’t understand what he meant.

d. Frightening (adjective) – Causing fear or alarm.
Sentence: The movie had several frightening scenes that made me jump.

e. Baffling (adjective) – Confusing or difficult to understand.
Sentence: The sudden disappearance of the ship remains a baffling mystery.

f. Unravel (verb) – To make something clear or solve a mystery.
Sentence: The detective worked hard to unravel the mystery behind the crime.

g. Psychoanalytic (adjective) – Related to the analysis of the unconscious mind and emotions.
Sentence: Freud's psychoanalytic theory suggests that dreams reveal hidden desires.

h. Perspective (noun) – A particular way of thinking or understanding something.
Sentence: From a historical perspective, the war had lasting consequences.

i. Motivation (noun) – The reason or driving force behind an action.
Sentence: Her motivation to succeed kept her working hard every day.

j. Awareness (noun) – Knowledge or perception of something.
Sentence: Increasing public awareness about climate change is crucial.

k. Repressed (adjective) – Held back or restrained, often referring to emotions or desires.
Sentence: He had many repressed childhood memories that affected his behavior.

l. Cognitive (adjective) – Related to mental processes such as thinking and learning.
Sentence: The study focused on the cognitive abilities of young children.

m. Stimuli (noun) – Things that cause a response or reaction.
Sentence: Bright lights and loud noises act as stimuli for newborns.

n. Incorporate (verb) – To include or integrate something as part of a whole.
Sentence: The teacher tried to incorporate fun activities into the lesson.

o. Clutter (noun) – A collection of things in an untidy state.
Sentence: The desk was covered in clutter, making it hard to find anything.

p. Psychotherapy (noun) – Treatment of mental and emotional disorders through talking.
Sentence: He sought psychotherapy to help manage his anxiety.


F. Read the following statements. Are they true or false? If false, give correct answers.

1. Philosophers had little interest in dreams until very recently.
2. Dreams are always elusive.
3. Scientists differ in their opinions in terms of the reasons or duration of a dream.
4. According to Freud, dreams are conscious memories that we forgot for some time.
5. Modern scientists believe that dreams help generate new ideas.
6. Brain can connect to external stimulus like radio signals.
7. Dreams can work as mind-cleaner.


Answer Question No. F

Here are the answers to the true or false statements:

  1. False – Philosophers have been fascinated by dreams for thousands of years, not just recently.

  2. False – Dreams can be extraordinarily vivid or very vague, meaning they are not always elusive.

  3. True – Scientists differ in their opinions on the reasons and function of dreams, with no consensus yet.

  4. False – According to Freud, dreams are representations of subconscious desires, thoughts, and motivations, not just forgotten conscious memories.

  5. True – Some modern scientists suggest that dreams help generate new ideas through cognitive processes.

  6. True – One theory suggests that external stimuli, such as radio sounds, can be incorporated into dreams.

  7. True – A theory compares dreams to a computer's clean-up process, suggesting that they help refresh the mind.



G. Theorists interpret dreams that we have during our sleep. But we also dream when we are awake. Now give examples of

  • a sweet dream while sleeping
  • a nightmare
  • a dream that you cherish consciously
  • a day dream

Answer Question No. G

Here are examples for each type of dream:

  1. A sweet dream while sleeping:
    You dream that you are on a beautiful beach, feeling the warmth of the sun and hearing the waves gently crashing. You are surrounded by loved ones, enjoying laughter and delicious food.

  2. A nightmare:
    You find yourself lost in a dark forest with strange shadows moving around. Suddenly, a monster appears, chasing you, but no matter how fast you run, it keeps getting closer. Just before it reaches you, you wake up in fear.

  3. A dream that you cherish consciously:
    You dream of becoming a successful doctor, helping people in need, and making a difference in their lives. Every step you take in your studies and career brings you closer to fulfilling this dream.

  4. A daydream:
    While sitting in class, you imagine yourself as a famous singer performing on a grand stage with thousands of fans cheering. You can hear the music and see the lights flashing as you enjoy the moment in your imagination.


H. Noted scientist and former President of India, APJ Abdul Kalam says, "Dream is not what you see in sleep, dream is something that does not let you sleep."

Work in pairs and answer the questions -

  • Do you agree with his statement? Why/why not?
  • Do you have a dream that does not let you sleep? What is that? What do you do to make it real?
Answer Question No. H

Answers to the Questions:

  1. Do you agree with APJ Abdul Kalam's statement? Why/why not?
    Yes, I agree with APJ Abdul Kalam's statement. He emphasizes that dreams are not just random images seen during sleep but rather goals and aspirations that drive us to work hard. Real dreams are those that inspire action and keep us motivated even when we are awake.

  2. Do you have a dream that does not let you sleep? What is that?
    Yes, I have a dream that does not let me sleep. My dream is to become a [your aspiration, e.g., doctor, scientist, writer, entrepreneur]. I want to make a positive impact on society and help people through my work.

  3. What do you do to make it real?
    To make my dream real, I work hard every day by studying, gaining knowledge, and improving my skills. I set small goals, stay determined, and learn from failures. I also seek inspiration from successful people and stay focused on my vision.



I. Write a paragraph of 100 words narrating what you will do if you become an elected student leader in your college.

Answer Question No. I

My Vision as a Student Leader

If I become an elected student leader in my college, I will work to create a more inclusive and supportive environment for all students. My first priority will be to address academic concerns by advocating for better resources, such as updated study materials and mentorship programs. I will also organize extracurricular activities to promote student engagement and creativity. Additionally, I will ensure that students' voices are heard by establishing open communication channels between students and administration. Mental health awareness campaigns and career guidance sessions will also be part of my plan. My goal is to make college a better place for everyone.


J. Write about a dream that you have and what you have to do to make it real. For example:

I want to be the opening batsman of Bangladesh national cricket team. I know I have to ....


Answer Question No. J

Chasing My Dream: Becoming a Doctor

Ever since I was a child, I have dreamed of becoming a doctor. The idea of helping people, saving lives, and bringing smiles to patients' faces inspires me every day. However, I know that achieving this dream requires hard work, dedication, and perseverance.

To make my dream a reality, I must first focus on my studies. Excelling in science subjects like Biology and Chemistry is essential. I will need to prepare well for medical entrance exams by studying consistently and practicing problem-solving.

Apart from academics, I must also develop qualities like empathy, patience, and strong communication skills. Volunteering at hospitals and participating in community health programs will give me practical experience and prepare me for the challenges of the medical profession.

Most importantly, I need to stay determined and never give up, even when faced with difficulties. Hard work, discipline, and a positive mindset will help me turn my dream into reality. One day, I hope to wear a doctor's coat and proudly serve humanity.



K. Summarise the text on dreams highlighting the following points:

  • What is a dream?
  • Why do we dream?
  • Does a dream have any meaning?
  • What are the benefits of dreaming?

Answer Question No. K

Here is a summarized version of the text with an engaging title:

The Mystery of Dreams: Why Do We Dream?

A dream is a collection of images, thoughts, and emotions experienced during sleep. Dreams can be vivid or unclear, pleasant or frightening, and may sometimes seem meaningless or deeply symbolic.

The purpose of dreaming is still uncertain, with scientists offering different theories. Some believe dreams serve no real function, while others argue they are essential for mental, emotional, and physical well-being.

There is ongoing debate about the meaning of dreams. Sigmund Freud suggested that dreams are a reflection of hidden desires and repressed thoughts. Other theories propose that dreams help organize thoughts, process external stimuli, or act as a mental reset, similar to a computer clearing unnecessary data.

The benefits of dreaming may include emotional healing, creativity, problem-solving, and psychological growth. Some experts suggest that dreams help individuals make sense of their experiences and emotions in a safe environment.

Although much about dreams remains unknown, they continue to be a subject of fascination and scientific study.





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