Model questions on Wangari Maatha ||Textbook page 81, 82, 83 & 84 || Class eleven and twelve || Unit Four: History Lesson Two Great Women || English first paper ||Line by line Bangla meaning, word meaning in Bangla meaning, mcq, short questions and summary ||
Model questions on Wangari Maatha ||Textbook page 81, 82, 83 & 84 || Class eleven and twelve || Unit Four: History Lesson Two Great Women || English first paper ||Line by line Bangla meaning, word meaning in Bangla meaning, mcq, short questions and summary ||
"We have a special responsibility to the ecosystem of this planet. In making sure that other species survive we will be ensuring the survival of our own."
The first African woman and first environmentalist awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, Wangari Maathai (1940-2011) received that honour in 2004 as the founder of the Green Belt Movement in Kenya, a nonprofit organization dedicated to planting trees, environmental conservation, and women's rights.
Maathai introduced the idea of planting trees with the people and developed it into a broad-based, grassroots organization designed to conserve the environment and improve women's quality of life. In 1986 the Green Belt Movement established a Pan African Green Belt Network and has introduced over 40 individuals from other African countries to its approach.
The Movement set both short and long-term objectives. The overall aim has been to create public awareness of the need to protect the environment through tree planting and sustainable management. More specifically, it has initiatives to promote and protect biodiversity, to protect the soil, to create jobs especially in the rural areas, to give women a positive image in the community and to assert their leadership qualities. It promotes food security and assists people to make the link between environmental degradation and many of the problems they face, including poverty and livelihood insecurity.
Over its first 20 years, many of the Movement's objectives have been achieved. Environmental awareness has been greatly increased in the world, and many women's groups have sold millions of seedlings to the Movement, using the income to meet immediate domestic needs such as education of their children or investing it in other income-generating ventures. Tree planting has become an honourable activity and many people have adopted it.
In later years Maathai's own work had focused on the human rights situation in Kenya. Standing up for a democratic, multi-ethnic Kenya, she was subjected to defamation, persecution, detention and physical attacks.
Maathai received numerous awards and honorary degrees. Time Magazine identified her as one of 100 most influential people in the world in 2005, and Forbes Magazine as one of 100 most powerful women in the world. In 2007 she was awarded the Nelson Mandela Award for Health and Human Rights, in 2010 the Lions Humanitarian Award and the International Freedom Award.
She died from cancer in 2011, but her legacy continues in many projects worldwide, such as in 'Plant for the Planet: The Billion Tree Campaign.
Here are some words from the passage with their meanings in Bengali, along with synonyms and antonyms:
-
Ecosystem - পরিবেশগত বাস্তুতন্ত্র
- Synonym: Environment
- Antonym: N/A
-
Survival - বেঁচে থাকা
- Synonym: Existence
- Antonym: Extinction
-
Conservation - সংরক্ষণ
- Synonym: Preservation
- Antonym: Destruction
-
Grassroots - তৃণমূল
- Synonym: Community-based
- Antonym: Elite
-
Biodiversity - জীববৈচিত্র্য
- Synonym: Ecological variety
- Antonym: Monoculture
-
Livelihood - জীবিকা
- Synonym: Employment
- Antonym: Unemployment
-
Degradation - অবক্ষয়
- Synonym: Deterioration
- Antonym: Improvement
-
Initiative - উদ্যোগ
- Synonym: Plan
- Antonym: Inactivity
-
Democratic - গণতান্ত্রিক
- Synonym: Representative
- Antonym: Autocratic
-
Defamation - মানহানি
- Synonym: Slander
- Antonym: Praise
-
Persecution - নির্যাতন
- Synonym: Oppression
- Antonym: Protection
-
Detention - আটক
- Synonym: Confinement
- Antonym: Release
-
Legacy - উত্তরাধিকার
- Synonym: Heritage
- Antonym: Dispossession
-
Sustainable - টেকসই
- Synonym: Endurable
- Antonym: Unsustainable
-
Assertion - দাবিদাওয়া
- Synonym: Declaration
- Antonym: Denial
-
Empowerment - ক্ষমতায়ন
- Synonym: Strengthening
- Antonym: Oppression
-
Honorary - সম্মানসূচক
- Synonym: Ceremonial
- Antonym: Official
-
Campaign - প্রচার অভিযান
- Synonym: Movement
- Antonym: Inaction
-
Recognition - স্বীকৃতি
- Synonym: Acknowledgment
- Antonym: Ignorance
-
Humanitarian - মানবতাবাদী
- Synonym: Philanthropic
- Antonym: Inhumane
Line by line Bangla meaning of the passage
-
"We have a special responsibility to the ecosystem of this planet. In making sure that other species survive we will be ensuring the survival of our own."
"এই গ্রহের বাস্তুতন্ত্রের প্রতি আমাদের একটি বিশেষ দায়িত্ব রয়েছে। অন্যান্য প্রজাতির বেঁচে থাকা নিশ্চিত করার মাধ্যমে আমরা আমাদের নিজেদের টিকে থাকা নিশ্চিত করবো।" -
"The first African woman and first environmentalist awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, Wangari Maathai (1940-2011) received that honour in 2004 as the founder of the Green Belt Movement in Kenya, a nonprofit organization dedicated to planting trees, environmental conservation, and women's rights."
"প্রথম আফ্রিকান নারী এবং প্রথম পরিবেশবিদ হিসেবে নোবেল শান্তি পুরস্কারপ্রাপ্ত ওয়াঙ্গারি মাথাই (১৯৪০-২০১১) ২০০৪ সালে এই সম্মাননা পান কেনিয়ার 'গ্রিন বেল্ট মুভমেন্ট' এর প্রতিষ্ঠাতা হিসেবে, যা একটি অলাভজনক সংস্থা যা বৃক্ষরোপণ, পরিবেশ সংরক্ষণ এবং নারীর অধিকারের জন্য কাজ করে।" -
"Maathai introduced the idea of planting trees with the people and developed it into a broad-based, grassroots organization designed to conserve the environment and improve women's quality of life."
"মাথাই জনগণের সঙ্গে বৃক্ষরোপণের ধারণা প্রবর্তন করেন এবং এটিকে একটি বিস্তৃত ভিত্তিক, তৃণমূল পর্যায়ের সংগঠনে রূপ দেন, যা পরিবেশ সংরক্ষণ এবং নারীদের জীবনমান উন্নয়নের জন্য কাজ করে।" -
"In 1986 the Green Belt Movement established a Pan African Green Belt Network and has introduced over 40 individuals from other African countries to its approach."
"১৯৮৬ সালে, গ্রিন বেল্ট মুভমেন্ট একটি 'প্যান-আফ্রিকান গ্রিন বেল্ট নেটওয়ার্ক' প্রতিষ্ঠা করে এবং অন্যান্য আফ্রিকান দেশের ৪০ টিরও বেশি ব্যক্তিকে এর পদ্ধতির সঙ্গে পরিচয় করিয়ে দেয়।" -
"The Movement set both short and long-term objectives. The overall aim has been to create public awareness of the need to protect the environment through tree planting and sustainable management."
"এই আন্দোলন স্বল্প এবং দীর্ঘমেয়াদী উভয় লক্ষ্য নির্ধারণ করে। এর প্রধান লক্ষ্য ছিল বৃক্ষরোপণ এবং টেকসই ব্যবস্থাপনার মাধ্যমে পরিবেশ সংরক্ষণের প্রয়োজনীয়তা সম্পর্কে জনসচেতনতা তৈরি করা।" -
"More specifically, it has initiatives to promote and protect biodiversity, to protect the soil, to create jobs especially in the rural areas, to give women a positive image in the community and to assert their leadership qualities."
"বিশেষভাবে, এর উদ্যোগের মধ্যে রয়েছে জীববৈচিত্র্য সংরক্ষণ ও উন্নয়ন, মাটির সুরক্ষা, বিশেষ করে গ্রামীণ অঞ্চলে কর্মসংস্থান সৃষ্টি, সমাজে নারীদের ইতিবাচক ভাবমূর্তি গড়ে তোলা এবং তাদের নেতৃত্বের গুণাবলী প্রতিষ্ঠা করা।" -
"It promotes food security and assists people to make the link between environmental degradation and many of the problems they face, including poverty and livelihood insecurity."
"এটি খাদ্য নিরাপত্তা উন্নয়নে সহায়তা করে এবং মানুষকে পরিবেশের অবনতি ও তাদের সম্মুখীন বিভিন্ন সমস্যার মধ্যে সম্পর্ক বোঝাতে সাহায্য করে, যার মধ্যে দারিদ্র্য ও জীবিকার অনিশ্চয়তাও অন্তর্ভুক্ত।" -
"Over its first 20 years, many of the Movement's objectives have been achieved."
"প্রথম ২০ বছরে, এই আন্দোলনের অনেক লক্ষ্য অর্জিত হয়েছে।" -
"Environmental awareness has been greatly increased in the world, and many women's groups have sold millions of seedlings to the Movement, using the income to meet immediate domestic needs such as education of their children or investing it in other income-generating ventures."
"বিশ্বব্যাপী পরিবেশ সচেতনতা ব্যাপকভাবে বৃদ্ধি পেয়েছে, এবং অনেক নারীগোষ্ঠী আন্দোলনের কাছে লক্ষ লক্ষ চারা গাছ বিক্রি করেছে, যার আয় তারা তাৎক্ষণিক পারিবারিক চাহিদা যেমন সন্তানদের শিক্ষা বা অন্যান্য আয়ের উৎসে বিনিয়োগের জন্য ব্যবহার করেছে।" -
"Tree planting has become an honourable activity and many people have adopted it."
"বৃক্ষরোপণ একটি সম্মানজনক কার্যক্রমে পরিণত হয়েছে এবং অনেক মানুষ এটি গ্রহণ করেছে।" -
"In later years Maathai's own work had focused on the human rights situation in Kenya."
"পরবর্তী বছরে, মাথাই নিজে কেনিয়ার মানবাধিকার পরিস্থিতির ওপর বেশি মনোযোগ দেন।" -
"Standing up for a democratic, multi-ethnic Kenya, she was subjected to defamation, persecution, detention and physical attacks."
"গণতান্ত্রিক ও বহু-জাতিগোষ্ঠীর কেনিয়ার পক্ষে অবস্থান নেওয়ার কারণে, তিনি অপবাদ, নিপীড়ন, গ্রেপ্তার এবং শারীরিক আক্রমণের শিকার হন।" -
"Maathai received numerous awards and honorary degrees."
"মাথাই অসংখ্য পুরস্কার এবং সম্মানসূচক ডিগ্রি লাভ করেছেন।" -
"Time Magazine identified her as one of 100 most influential people in the world in 2005, and Forbes Magazine as one of 100 most powerful women in the world."
"টাইম ম্যাগাজিন ২০০৫ সালে তাকে বিশ্বের ১০০ জন প্রভাবশালী ব্যক্তির একজন হিসেবে স্বীকৃতি দেয় এবং ফোর্বস ম্যাগাজিন তাকে বিশ্বের ১০০ জন ক্ষমতাশালী নারীর একজন হিসেবে চিহ্নিত করে।" -
"In 2007 she was awarded the Nelson Mandela Award for Health and Human Rights, in 2010 the Lions Humanitarian Award and the International Freedom Award."
"২০০৭ সালে তিনি 'নেলসন ম্যান্ডেলা স্বাস্থ্য ও মানবাধিকার পুরস্কার' পান, ২০১০ সালে 'লায়ন্স হিউম্যানিটারিয়ান অ্যাওয়ার্ড' এবং 'আন্তর্জাতিক স্বাধীনতা পুরস্কার' লাভ করেন।" -
"She died from cancer in 2011, but her legacy continues in many projects worldwide, such as in 'Plant for the Planet: The Billion Tree Campaign'."
"তিনি ২০১১ সালে ক্যান্সারে মারা যান, কিন্তু তার উত্তরাধিকার বিশ্বব্যাপী অনেক প্রকল্পে অব্যাহত রয়েছে, যেমন 'প্ল্যান্ট ফর দ্য প্ল্যানেট: দ্য বিলিয়ন ট্রি ক্যাম্পেইন'।"
Here are Some multiple-choice questions based on the passage, including synonym, antonym, and vocabulary-based questions:
-
What is Wangari Maathai best known for?
a) Founding a political party
b) Establishing the Green Belt Movement
c) Writing environmental laws in Kenya
d) Leading a global anti-deforestation movement
Answer: b) Establishing the Green Belt Movement -
In which year did Wangari Maathai receive the Nobel Peace Prize?
a) 2000
b) 2004
c) 2005
d) 2010
Answer: b) 2004 -
What was the main goal of the Green Belt Movement?
a) Promoting industrialization in Africa
b) Encouraging tree planting and environmental conservation
c) Expanding urban areas
d) Developing tourism in Kenya
Answer: b) Encouraging tree planting and environmental conservation -
Which of the following was NOT a goal of the Green Belt Movement?
a) Protecting biodiversity
b) Strengthening women’s leadership
c) Increasing deforestation
d) Promoting food security
Answer: c) Increasing deforestation -
How did the Green Belt Movement impact women?
a) It discouraged their involvement in social work
b) It provided them with economic opportunities through seedling sales
c) It limited their participation in leadership roles
d) It excluded them from tree-planting activities
Answer: b) It provided them with economic opportunities through seedling sales -
What challenge did Maathai face due to her activism?
a) She was widely praised without opposition
b) She was persecuted and physically attacked
c) She abandoned her environmental efforts
d) She was exiled from Kenya
Answer: b) She was persecuted and physically attacked -
How did the Green Belt Movement expand beyond Kenya?
a) It remained exclusive to Kenya
b) It established a Pan African Green Belt Network
c) It was taken over by the government
d) It became a profit-driven organization
Answer: b) It established a Pan African Green Belt Network -
What did Time Magazine recognize Wangari Maathai for in 2005?
a) One of the 100 most influential people in the world
b) The best environmental scientist
c) Africa’s top business leader
d) The most famous woman in history
Answer: a) One of the 100 most influential people in the world -
What campaign continued Maathai’s work after her death?
a) Save the Planet Initiative
b) Plant for the Planet: The Billion Tree Campaign
c) The Global Warming Awareness Project
d) Green Africa Initiative
Answer: b) Plant for the Planet: The Billion Tree Campaign -
What type of award was the Nelson Mandela Award that Maathai received?
a) Literature
b) Environmental Conservation
c) Health and Human Rights
d) Business Innovation
Answer: c) Health and Human Rights
-
What is the main purpose of the passage?
a) To promote Kenya as a tourist destination
b) To highlight Wangari Maathai’s contributions to environmental conservation
c) To discuss the deforestation crisis in Africa
d) To criticize environmental movements
Answer: b) To highlight Wangari Maathai’s contributions to environmental conservation -
Which of the following best describes Wangari Maathai?
a) A passive environmentalist
b) A determined and influential leader
c) A politician with no interest in environmental issues
d) A scientist focused only on research
Answer: b) A determined and influential leader -
What does the passage suggest about the impact of tree planting?
a) It only benefits the environment
b) It creates jobs and economic opportunities
c) It has no significant impact
d) It is only beneficial for urban areas
Answer: b) It creates jobs and economic opportunities -
Why did Wangari Maathai face opposition?
a) Her advocacy for democracy and human rights challenged the authorities
b) She refused to plant trees
c) She supported deforestation
d) She ignored environmental problems
Answer: a) Her advocacy for democracy and human rights challenged the authorities -
What long-term impact did the Green Belt Movement have?
a) It was dissolved after Maathai’s death
b) It raised global environmental awareness and empowered women
c) It was replaced by government programs
d) It became a business corporation
Answer: b) It raised global environmental awareness and empowered women
Synonym-Based Questions
-
What is the synonym of "defamation" as used in the passage?
a) Praise
b) Slander
c) Encouragement
d) Honor
Answer: b) Slander -
Choose the synonym of "assert" in the phrase "assert their leadership qualities":
a) Declare
b) Hide
c) Ignore
d) Withdraw
Answer: a) Declare -
What is a synonym for "sustainable" in "sustainable management"?
a) Endurable
b) Temporary
c) Weak
d) Unstable
Answer: a) Endurable
Antonym-Based Questions
-
What is the antonym of "persecution"?
a) Harassment
b) Protection
c) Oppression
d) Suppression
Answer: b) Protection -
What is the antonym of "promote" in "promote and protect biodiversity"?
a) Encourage
b) Hinder
c) Support
d) Develop
Answer: b) Hinder
Vocabulary-Based Questions
-
What does "livelihood insecurity" mean in the passage?
a) Guaranteed employment
b) Unstable income sources
c) Financial prosperity
d) Rich lifestyle
Answer: b) Unstable income sources -
What does "grassroots organization" refer to?
a) A top-down government program
b) A movement initiated by local people
c) An elite business group
d) A scientific research institute
Answer: b) A movement initiated by local people -
What is the meaning of "biodiversity" in the passage?
a) Variety of plant and animal life
b) Environmental destruction
c) Scientific research
d) Urban expansion
Answer: a) Variety of plant and animal life -
What does "legacy" mean in "her legacy continues in many projects worldwide"?
a) Debt
b) Inheritance
c) Lasting impact
d) Political influence
Answer: c) Lasting impact -
What does "multifaceted" mean in describing Maathai’s work?
a) Having many aspects
b) Limited in scope
c) Single-purpose
d) Simple and direct
Answer: a) Having many aspects
Some Short Questions with Answers Based on the Passage
-
Who was Wangari Maathai, and why is she significant?
Wangari Maathai was a Kenyan environmentalist, activist, and the first African woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. She is significant for founding the Green Belt Movement, which focused on tree planting, environmental conservation, and empowering women. -
What was the main goal of the Green Belt Movement?
The Green Belt Movement aimed to create public awareness about environmental protection through tree planting and sustainable management. It also focused on biodiversity conservation, soil protection, job creation, and women's empowerment. -
How did the Green Belt Movement impact women in Kenya?
The movement helped women earn income by selling tree seedlings, allowing them to provide for their families, educate their children, and invest in small businesses. It also promoted women’s leadership and improved their social status. -
Why did Maathai receive the Nobel Peace Prize in 2004?
She was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for her efforts in promoting sustainable development, democracy, and peace through environmental conservation. Her work connected ecological preservation with social and political stability. -
What are some specific initiatives of the Green Belt Movement?
The movement focused on tree planting, biodiversity protection, soil conservation, job creation, and women's empowerment. It also helped communities link environmental issues to poverty and food security. -
What challenges did Maathai face in her activism?
She faced persecution, defamation, detention, and even physical attacks for standing up against political and environmental injustices in Kenya. Her advocacy for democracy and environmental rights often put her in conflict with authorities. -
How did the Green Belt Movement expand beyond Kenya?
In 1986, the movement established the Pan African Green Belt Network, which trained over 40 individuals from other African countries. This helped spread its environmental conservation model across Africa. -
How did tree planting benefit communities?
It provided employment, improved the environment by reducing soil erosion and deforestation, and helped communities achieve food security. It also empowered women by offering them financial independence. -
What recognition did Maathai receive for her work?
She received many awards, including the Nelson Mandela Award for Health and Human Rights, the Lions Humanitarian Award, and the International Freedom Award. She was also named one of Time Magazine’s 100 most influential people in 2005. -
How did Maathai connect environmental issues with social problems?
She emphasized that deforestation and environmental degradation led to poverty, food insecurity, and social instability. She encouraged communities to understand this link and take action through conservation. -
What was the significance of the Billion Tree Campaign?
The campaign, inspired by Maathai’s work, encouraged global reforestation efforts. It demonstrated how a grassroots movement could grow into a worldwide environmental initiative. -
How did Maathai’s work contribute to democracy in Kenya?
She advocated for a democratic and multi-ethnic Kenya, fighting against corruption and environmental exploitation. Her activism played a role in promoting political freedom and human rights. -
Why was tree planting considered an ‘honourable activity’?
The Green Belt Movement helped people see the value of tree planting not only for environmental benefits but also as a way to improve their livelihoods. It became a respected and meaningful practice in communities. -
How did Maathai’s work continue after her death?
Her legacy lives on through the Green Belt Movement and global projects like the Billion Tree Campaign. Her ideas continue to inspire environmental and social activists worldwide. -
What impact did Maathai’s work have on global environmental awareness?
She raised international awareness of the link between environmental sustainability, human rights, and peace. Her work encouraged other countries and organizations to adopt similar grassroots conservation efforts.
Wangari Maathai (1940-2011) was the first African woman and environmentalist to win the Nobel Peace Prize in 2004. She founded the Green Belt Movement in Kenya, promoting tree planting, environmental conservation, and women's rights. The Movement expanded across Africa, raising awareness about biodiversity, soil protection, and rural employment. It empowered women by providing income through seedling sales. Maathai also fought for democracy in Kenya, facing persecution. She received many international awards, including recognition from Time and Forbes magazines. Despite her death from cancer in 2011, her legacy continues through global projects like the Billion Tree Campaign. Her work highlights the link between environmental conservation and human well-being.
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